16【SSM框架整合】

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已于 2022-12-24 17:47:58 修改

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分类专栏： # 《SSM框架系列》文章标签： mybatis java spring 后端 ssm

于 2022-12-24 17:42:08 首次发布

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文章目录

三、SSM框架整合

三、SSM框架整合

3.1 回顾三大框架

3.1.1 MyBatis环境

需要引入Mybatis依赖
编写MyBatisConfig.xml核心配置文件，配置连接信息、加载mapper文件、别名配置等等
需要编写Mapper.xml和Mapper接口、使用namespace关联，方法名和标签名一致，注意resultType、parameterType等；

3.1.2 Spring环境

1）Spring相关依赖
2）编写application.xml核心配置文件，编写相关配置（扫包、配置数据源、JdbcTempalte等JavaBean等）
3）使用注解配置Bean；@Controller、@Service、@Repository、@Competent等
4）配置aop切面、配置aop事务等；指事务管理器使用、 @Transacational 注解代替xml配置aop事务

3.1.3 SpringMVC环境

1）引入SpringMVC相关依赖；
2）编写dispatcher-servlet.xml核心配置文件
3）配置包扫描（Controller）、开启注解驱动、放行静态资源、视图解析器、拦截器等

3.2 搭建环境

3.2.1 搭建MyBatis环境

准备SQL：

drop table if exists `account`;

CREATE TABLE `account`  (
  `id` int(11) primary key auto_increment,
  `username` varchar(255) ,
  `money` double
) ENGINE = InnoDB ;


INSERT INTO `account`  VALUES (1, 'xiaohui',1000);
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES (2, 'xiaolan',1000);

1）引入依赖：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.dfbz</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringMVC_04_SSM</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <!--mysql驱动-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--MyBatis依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--lombok插件-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--Junit测试单元-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2）实体类：

package com.dfbz.entity;

import lombok.Data;

/**
 * @author lscl
 * @version 1.0
 * @intro:
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Account {
    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private Double money;
}

3）编写dao接口：

package com.dfbz.mapper;

import com.dfbz.entity.Account;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author lscl
 * @version 1.0
 * @intro:
 */
public interface AccountMapper {
    List<Account> findAll();
}

4）编写AccountMapper.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<!--namespace 名称空间，指定对哪个接口进行映射-->
<mapper namespace="com.dfbz.mapper.AccountMapper">

    <select id="findAll" resultType="account">
        select * from account
    </select>
    
</mapper>

5）jdbc.properties：

jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=admin
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql:///test?characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT%2b8
jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

6）SqlMapConfig.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!--加载jdbc.properties-->
    <properties resource="jdbc.properties"/>

    <!--日志配置-->
    <settings>
        <setting name="logImpl" value="STDOUT_LOGGING"/>
    </settings>

    <!--别名配置-->
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.dfbz.entity"/>
    </typeAliases>

    <!--环境配置-->
    <environments default="dev">
        <environment id="dev">
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager>
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"></property>
                <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
                <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
                <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
            </dataSource>
        </environment>
    </environments>

    <mappers>
        <!--包扫描-->
        <package name="com.dfbz.mapper"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

7）测试类：

package com.dfbz.demo;

import com.dfbz.entity.Account;
import com.dfbz.mapper.AccountMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author lscl
 * @version 1.0
 * @intro:
 */
public class Demo01 {

    @Test
    public void test1() throws Exception{

        SqlSessionFactory factory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml"));

        // 获取Session
        SqlSession session = factory.openSession();

        // 获取Mapper
        AccountMapper accountMapper = session.getMapper(AccountMapper.class);

        List<Account> userList = accountMapper.findAll();

        for (Account account : userList) {
            System.out.println(account);
        }

        session.close();
    }
}

3.2.2 Spring整合MyBatis环境

Spring整合MyBatis的核心就是把MyBatis的核心配置文件（MyBatisConfig.xml）给去除

我们回想一下MyBatis的核心配置文件中都配了什么？

别名
数据源配置
加载mapper文件

引入Spring相关依赖：

<dependencies>
    <!--mysql驱动-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.47</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--MyBatis依赖-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.5</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--lombok插件-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        <version>1.18.12</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--Junit测试单元-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.13.1</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!--druid数据源-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--mybatis整合spring依赖-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.5</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--spring依赖-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.12.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--jdbc包(事务管理器在这里)-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.12.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--spring事务包-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.12.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        <version>5.2.12.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--aop包-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
        <version>1.8.13</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

jdbc.properties：

jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=admin
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis01?characterEncoding=UTF8
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

编写application.xml配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop https://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

    <!--包扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.dfbz"/>

    <!--加载数据库配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <!--配置druid数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
    </bean>

    <!--配置sqlSession工厂(是mybatis整合spring包下的)-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!--引用数据源-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>

        <!--加载mybatis核心配置文件(一般省略)-->
        <!--        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:SqlMapConfig.xml" />-->

        <!--包别名配置-->
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.dfbz.entity"/>

        <!--加载所有的mapper文件(一般使用MapperScannerConfigurer扫描)-->
        <!--        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:/com/dfbz/mapper/*.xml" />-->
    </bean>

    <!--配置mapper包扫描-->
    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.dfbz.mapper"/>
    </bean>

    <!--配置事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>

    <!--配置事务-->
    <tx:advice id="myAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true" isolation="DEFAULT" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="save*" read-only="false"/>
            <tx:method name="transfer*" read-only="false"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <!--配置aop事务-->
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="myPoint" expression="execution(* com.dfbz.service..*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="myAdvice" pointcut-ref="myPoint"></aop:advisor>
    </aop:config>
</beans>

UserService：

package com.dfbz.service;

import com.dfbz.entity.Account;
import com.dfbz.mapper.AccountMapper;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author lscl
 * @version 1.0
 * @intro:
 */
@Service
public class AccountService {

    @Autowired
    private AccountMapper accountMapper;

    public List<Account> findAll() {
        return accountMapper.findAll();
    }

    /**
     * 转账
     *
     * @param accountId
     * @param toAccountId
     * @param money
     */
    public void transfer(Integer accountId, Integer toAccountId, Double money) {

        // 余额增加
        accountMapper.addMoney(toAccountId, money);

        int i = 1 / 0;          // 模拟异常

        // 余额减少
        accountMapper.subMoney(accountId, money);
    }
}

AccountMapper：

package com.dfbz.mapper;

import com.dfbz.entity.Account;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author lscl
 * @version 1.0
 * @intro:
 */
public interface AccountMapper {
    List<Account> findAll();

    void addMoney(Integer toAccountId,Double money);

    void subMoney(Integer accountId, Double money);
}

AccountMapper.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<!--namespace 名称空间，指定对哪个接口进行映射-->
<mapper namespace="com.dfbz.mapper.AccountMapper">

    <select id="findAll" resultType="com.dfbz.entity.Account">
        select * from account
    </select>

    <update id="addMoney">
        update account set money=money+#{arg1} where id=#{arg0}
    </update>

    <update id="subMoney">
        update account set money=money-#{param2} where id=#{param1}
    </update>
</mapper>

测试类：

package com.dfbz.demo;

import com.dfbz.entity.Account;
import com.dfbz.service.AccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author lscl
 * @version 1.0
 * @intro:
 */
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:application.xml")
public class Demo02 {

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @Test
    public void test1() throws Exception{
        List<Account> accountList = accountService.findAll();

        for (Account account : accountList) {
            System.out.println(account);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test2() throws Exception{
        accountService.transfer(1,2,100.0D);
    }
}

3.2.3 整合SpringMVC

Spring和SpringMVC可以说是天然整合在一起的，不用任何整合，因为我们的所有IOC装配代码都可以写在SpringMVC的配置文件里面，包括扫包，装配Bean，配置事务，切面，AOP等等…

但我们项目开发中，为了分工明确，会把Spring和SpringMVC区分开来；

SpringMVC负责处理Controller相关组件，包括我们自己编写的控制器，视图解析器，请求映射，文件上传，转换器等…
Spring则负责业务上的组件，如Service，Dao，配置事务，数据源，AOP，以及一些其他相关的服务；

这样一来项目启动后将会创建两个容器，一个是Spring的IOC容器，一个是SpringMVC的IOC容器；

引入SpringMVC相关依赖：

<!--SpringMVC相关依赖-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>5.2.12.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<!-- json 转换工具 SpringMVC底层依赖的转换工具-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.12.1</version>
</dependency>

编写web.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
         version="2.5">

    <!--配置一个监听器,让Spring的IOC容器随着容器启动而初始化-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <!--配置spring的配置文件-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:application.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!--spring核心(前端控制器)-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <!--配置springmvc配置文件的位置-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <!--拦截除jsp之外所有请求-->
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping> <!--处理中文乱码过滤器-->

    <filter>
        <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

spring.xml（修改扫描的包）：

<!--包扫描-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.dfbz" >
    <!--配置哪些注解不扫描-->
    <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>

Tips：Controller组件都交给SpringMVC扫描

springmvc.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd   http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--
        只扫描com.dfbz下面的Controller组件
        use-default-filters: 关闭默认的扫描规则(默认情况下会扫描)
    -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.dfbz" use-default-filters="false">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    
    <!--配置静态资源放行-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!--配置springmvc注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>

AccountController：

package com.dfbz.controller;

import com.dfbz.entity.Account;
import com.dfbz.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author lscl
 * @version 1.0
 * @intro:
 */

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {
    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @GetMapping
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        return accountService.findAll();
    }

    @GetMapping("/transfer")
    public String transfer() {
        accountService.transfer(1, 2, 100.0D);
        return "ok";
    }
}

访问：

http://localhost:8080/account

http://localhost:8080/account/transfer

3.3 Spring与SpringMVC的父子容器

当Spring与SpringMVC整合成功后，将会有两个容器存在。其中Spring容器为父容器，SpringMVC的为子容器；

其关系为：子容器可以访问父容器中的组件，但父容器不可以访问子容器的组件；

测试：在AccountService中装配AccountController：

@Service
public class AccountService {

    @Autowired
    private AccountMapper accountMapper;

    @Autowired
    private AccountController accountController;		// 访问父容器中的组件
}

启动服务器后出现错误：

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.dfbz.controller.AccountController' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1717)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1273)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1227)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:640)
	... 62 more

3.4 import标签

SSM环境整合需要导入两个配置文件，一个是spring环境的配置文件另一个是springmvc环境的配置文件；

我加载两种环境的配置步骤如下：

1）加载spring配置文件：采用ContextLoaderListener监听器来监听服务器启动创建加载spring配置文件；
2）加载SpringMVC配置文件：在DispatcherServlet中配置springmvc的配置文件路径，让其加载；

加载Spring环境的配置文件我们也可以采用导入的方式：

注释web.xml中关于加载Spring配置文件的代码：

    <!--配置一个监听器,让Spring的IOC容器随着容器启动而初始化-->
<!--
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    &lt;!&ndash;配置spring的配置文件&ndash;&gt;
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:application.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
-->

在SpringMVC的配置文件中导入其他的配置文件：

<!--导入其他配置文件-->
<import resource="classpath:application.xml" />

注意：使用import标签导入配置后，将不存在子父容器的关系了，所有的组件都被装配在一个IOC容器中；

再次测试在AccountService中装配AccountController：

@Service
public class AccountService {

    @Autowired
    private AccountMapper accountMapper;

    @Autowired
    private AccountController accountController;		// 访问父容器中的组件
}