Windows下使用_access和_stat判断文件和目录是否存在的区别

　　判断一个文件和目录是否存在，可以使用_access或者_stat函数，但是要注意两点：

1. _access能检测给定路径是否存在，但是无法区分这个路径是文件路径还是目录路径。比如指定路径d:\123，如果D盘下存在文件名为123的文件或者目录名为123的目录，_access返回信息都是存在的，但是无法区分这个路径是文件路径还是目录路径。_stat函数则能正确区分文件还是目录。
2. 路径末尾是否能带有反斜杠“\”对于检测的结果也是不一样的：
   

   末尾是否能有"\"	盘符		目录			文件
   	本地	网络	本地	网络	UNC	本地	网络	UNC
   _access	无影响	无影响	无影响	无影响	无影响	不能有"\"	无影响	无影响
   _stat	必须有"\"	必须有"\"	不能有"\"	不能有"\"	不能有"\"	不能有"\"	不能有"\"	不能有"\"

　　以下是我写的测试程序来进行测试和结果，d:\123和t:\123是文件，d:\456和t:\456是目录，t盘是映射的\\172.16.254.101\d$\Lilong\tapefile\共享盘：

#include <cstdio>
#include  <stdio.h>
#include  <stdlib.h>
#include  <io.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <Windows.h>


void Test(char strPath[])
{  
	printf("%s\n", strPath);
	int nRet = _access(strPath, 0);
	int nErrNo = errno;

	printf("_access:nRet = %d, nErrNo = %d, LastErr = %d\n", nRet, nErrNo, GetLastError());

	struct _stat buf = {0};
	nRet = _stat(strPath, &buf);
	nErrNo = errno;
	printf("_stat:nRet = %d, nErrNo = %d, LastErr = %d, _S_IFDIR=%x, _S_IFREG=%x\n\n", 
		nRet, nErrNo, GetLastError(), buf.st_mode & _S_IFDIR, buf.st_mode & _S_IFREG);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	Test("");
	Test("d");
	Test("d:");
	Test("d:\\");
	Test("d:\\\\");
	Test("d:\\123");
	Test("d:\\123\\");
	Test("d:\\123\\\\");
	Test("d:\\456");
	Test("d:\\456\\");
	Test("d:\\456\\\\");
	Test("t");
	Test("t:");
	Test("t:\\");
	Test("t:\\123");
	Test("t:\\123\\");
	Test("t:\\456");
	Test("t:\\456\\");
	Test("\\\\172.16.254.101\\d$\\Lilong\\tapefile");
	Test("\\\\172.16.254.101\\d$\\Lilong\\tapefile\\");
	Test("\\\\172.16.254.101\\d$\\Lilong\\tapefile\\123");
	Test("\\\\172.16.254.101\\d$\\Lilong\\tapefile\\123\\");
	Test("\\\\172.16.254.101\\d$\\Lilong\\tapefile\\456");
	Test("\\\\172.16.254.101\\d$\\Lilong\\tapefile\\456\\");

	return 0;
}

　　以下是运行结果：

_access:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 3
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 3, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

d
_access:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

d:
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

d:\
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 0, _S_IFDIR=4000, _S_IFREG=0

d:\\
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 0
_stat:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=4000, _S_IFREG=0

d:\123
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=8000

d:\123\
_access:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 22, LastErr = 123
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 267, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

d:\123\\
_access:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 22, LastErr = 123
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 267, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

d:\456
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 267
_stat:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 267, _S_IFDIR=4000, _S_IFREG=0

d:\456\
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 267
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

d:\456\\
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

t
_access:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

t:
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

t:\
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=4000, _S_IFREG=0

t:\123
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=8000

t:\123\
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 267, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

t:\456
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 267
_stat:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 267, _S_IFDIR=4000, _S_IFREG=0

t:\456\
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 267
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

\\172.16.254.101\d$\Lilong\tapefile
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=4000, _S_IFREG=0

\\172.16.254.101\d$\Lilong\tapefile\
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

\\172.16.254.101\d$\Lilong\tapefile\123
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=8000

\\172.16.254.101\d$\Lilong\tapefile\123\
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 267, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

\\172.16.254.101\d$\Lilong\tapefile\456
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 267
_stat:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 267, _S_IFDIR=4000, _S_IFREG=0

\\172.16.254.101\d$\Lilong\tapefile\456\
_access:nRet = 0, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 267
_stat:nRet = -1, nErrNo = 2, LastErr = 2, _S_IFDIR=0, _S_IFREG=0

　　为了更好的检测文件还是目录路径是否存在，我写了以下函数，能针对文件还是目录进行检测：

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>

// 返回值:
// 0:成功,指定的文件或目录路径存在
// ENOENT(2):指定的文件或目录路径不存在
// EINVAL(22):参数非法
// ENODEV(19):指定的路径存在,但是类型与指定的类型不一致
// 其他:其他错误
int IsPathExist(const CString strPathName, BOOL bCheckFilePath = TRUE)
{  
    CString strPathTmp(strPathName);

    strPathTmp.Replace(_T("/"), _T("\\"));
    strPathTmp.TrimRight(_T("\\"));
    if (1 == strPathTmp.GetLength()) // 驱动器盘符
    {
        strPathTmp += _T(":\\");
    }
    else if (2 == strPathTmp.GetLength() && strPathTmp.Right(1) == _T(":"))
    {
        strPathTmp += _T("\\");
    }

    struct _stat stPath = {0};
	int nRet = _tstat(strPathTmp, &stPath);

    do 
    {
        if (0 != nRet)
        {
            nRet = errno;
            break ;
        }

        BOOL IsFilePath = (_S_IFREG == (_S_IFREG & stPath.st_mode));
        BOOL IsDirPath = (_S_IFDIR == (_S_IFDIR & stPath.st_mode));

        if ((bCheckFilePath && !IsFilePath)
            || (!bCheckFilePath && !IsDirPath))
        {
            nRet = ENODEV;
        }

    } while (FALSE);

    return nRet;
}