【Spring MVC】(三)搭建Spring MVC+Spring+JDBC框架以及在此框架上进行项目开发

1、加入Spring、Spring MVC、数据库驱动等相关jar文件

2、配置文件

因为正在学习阶段,所以将配置文件的所有代码都放出来,供正在入门的朋友一起交流学习,配置文件中大部分需要注意的地方,都进行了注释。

  • Spring配置文件——applicationContext-jdbc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">


    <!--引入properties文件-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="location">
            <value>classpath:database.properties</value>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!--配置DataSource-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${user}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${pwd}"/>
    </bean>

    <!--配置扫描注解定义的业务Bean-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.kgc.service,cn.kgc.dao"/>
</beans>
  • Spring MVC配置文件——springmvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
         http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--支持注解式处理器-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    
    <!--对包进行扫描,实现注解驱动Bean的定义-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.kgc.servlet"/>

    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/>
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    
</beans>
  • web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--配置环境参数,指定Spring配置文件所在的目录-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:ApplicationContext-jdbc.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>

    <!--配置Spring的ContextLoaderListener监听器,初始化Spring-->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class>
    </listener>

    <!--配置Spring MVC的核心控制器DispatcherServlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <!--初始化参数-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
  • database.properties
driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#在和mysql传递数据的过程中,使用unicode编码格式,并且字符集设置为utf-8
url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/smbms?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
user=root
pwd=root
  • log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger = debug,stdout,D

log4j.appender.stdout = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target = System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern = [%-5p] %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} method:%l%n%m%n

log4j.appender.D = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.D.File = D://logs/log.log
log4j.appender.D.Append = true
log4j.appender.D.Threshold = DEBUG 
log4j.appender.D.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.D.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ]  %m%n

log4j.appender.E = org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.E.File =D://logs/error.log 
log4j.appender.E.Append = true
log4j.appender.E.Threshold = ERROR 
log4j.appender.E.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.E.layout.ConversionPattern = %-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}  [ %t:%r ] - [ %p ]  %m%n

3、改造DAO层

1、BaseDao类

package cn.kgc.dao;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

/**
 * 操作数据库的基类--静态类
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class BaseDao {
	
	static{//静态代码块,在类加载的时候执行
		init();
	}
	
	private static String driver;
	private static String url;
	private static String user;
	private static String password;
	
	//初始化连接参数,从配置文件里获得
	public static void init(){
		Properties params=new Properties();
		String configFile = "database.properties";
		InputStream is=BaseDao.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(configFile);
		try {
			params.load(is);
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		driver=params.getProperty("driver");
		url=params.getProperty("url");
		user=params.getProperty("user");
		password=params.getProperty("pwd");

	}   
	
	
	/**
	 * 获取数据库连接
	 * @return
	 */
	public static Connection getConnection(){
		Connection connection = null;
		try {
			Class.forName(driver);
			connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		return connection;
	}
	/**
	 * 查询操作
	 * @param connection
	 * @param pstm
	 * @param rs
	 * @param sql
	 * @param params
	 * @return
	 */
	public static ResultSet execute(Connection connection,PreparedStatement pstm,ResultSet rs,
			String sql,Object[] params) throws Exception{
		pstm = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
		for(int i = 0; i < params.length; i++){
			pstm.setObject(i+1, params[i]);
		}
		rs = pstm.executeQuery();
		return rs;
	}
	/**
	 * 更新操作
	 * @param connection
	 * @param pstm
	 * @param sql
	 * @param params
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static int execute(Connection connection,PreparedStatement pstm,
			String sql,Object[] params) throws Exception{
		int updateRows = 0;
		pstm = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
		for(int i = 0; i < params.length; i++){
			pstm.setObject(i+1, params[i]);
		}
		updateRows = pstm.executeUpdate();
		return updateRows;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 释放资源
	 * @param connection
	 * @param pstm
	 * @param rs
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean closeResource(Connection connection,PreparedStatement pstm,ResultSet rs){
		boolean flag = true;
		if(rs != null){
			try {
				rs.close();
				rs = null;//GC回收
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
				flag = false;
			}
		}
		if(pstm != null){
			try {
				pstm.close();
				pstm = null;//GC回收
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
				flag = false;
			}
		}
		if(connection != null){
			try {
				connection.close();
				connection = null;//GC回收
			} catch (SQLException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
				flag = false;
			}
		}
		
		return flag;
	}

}

2、UserDao接口

package cn.kgc.dao;

import cn.kgc.entity.User;

public interface UserDao {

     User login(String name,String pwd);
}

3、UserDaoImpl类

package cn.kgc.dao;


import cn.kgc.entity.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

/**
 * @author:BeiisBei
 * @date:2019/11/8
 * @aim:
 */
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends BaseDao implements UserDao {


    @Override
    public User login(String name, String pwd) {

        Connection conn=this.getConnection();
        String sql="select * from smbms_user where userCode=? and userPassword=? ";

        User user=new User();
        PreparedStatement pstm=null;
        ResultSet set=null;
        if(null!=conn){
            try {

                Object[] obj={name,pwd};
                set=this.execute(conn,pstm,set,sql,obj);
                if(set!=null && set.next()){
                    user.setName(set.getString("userCode"));
                    user.setPwd(set.getString("userPassword"));
                }
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                this.closeResource(conn,pstm,set);
            }
        }
        return user;    
        //注意,此次调试过程中出现空指针异常的问题,是由于自己这里return null导致的,要细心。
    }
}

4、改造Service层

1、UserService接口

package cn.kgc.service;

import cn.kgc.entity.User;

public interface UserService {

     User login(String name, String pwd);
}

2、UserServiceImpl 实现类

package cn.kgc.service;

import cn.kgc.dao.UserDao;
import cn.kgc.entity.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @author:BeiisBei
 * @date:2019/11/8
 * @aim:
 */

@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {


    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("userDao")
    private UserDao userDao;

    @Override
    public User login(String name, String pwd) {

        return userDao.login(name,pwd);
    }
}

5、Entity层(User实体类)

package cn.kgc.entity;

/**
 * @author:BeiisBei
 * @date:2019/11/8
 * @aim:
 */

public class User {
    private String name;
    private String pwd;

    public User(String name, String pwd) {
        this.name = name;
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }

    public User() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPwd() {
        return pwd;
    }

    public void setPwd(String pwd) {
        this.pwd = pwd;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", pwd='" + pwd + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

6、改造Controller层

创建LoginServlet,实现以下业务功能:

  • 跳转到系统登录页
  • 实现登录/登出
  • 改造View层

具体实现步骤如下:
1、跳转到系统登录页,login()方法实现跳转。
2、实现登录,doLogin()方法实现登录,登录成功则跳转到系统首页,否则跳转到登录页面。
doLogin()方法主要进行用户信息匹配验证。

  • 首先,通过方法入参(@RequestParam String name, @RequestParam String pwd) 来获取用户前台输入。
  • 然后调用业务方法,将参数(name,pwd)传入后台,进行用户匹配,根据返回结果来判断是否登录成功。
package cn.kgc.servlet;

import cn.kgc.entity.User;
import cn.kgc.service.UserService;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;


/**
 * @author:BeiisBei
 * @date:2019/11/8
 * @aim:
 */

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/login")
public class LoginServlet {
    private Logger logger=Logger.getLogger(LoginServlet.class);

    @Resource
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(String name,String pwd){
        logger.info("欢迎登录");
        return "login";
    }

    /**
     * 登录
     * @param name
     * @param pwd
     * @param request
     * @param session
     * @return
     */
    
    @RequestMapping("/doLogin")
    public ModelAndView doLogin(@RequestParam String name,
                                @RequestParam String pwd,
                                HttpServletRequest request,
                                HttpSession session){

        //调用service方法,进行用户匹配
        User user=userService.login(name,pwd);
        ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();

        logger.info(request.getParameter("name"));
        logger.info(user);

        if(null==user.getName()){     // 登录不成功
            logger.info("用户名或密码不正确");
            session.setAttribute("errMsg","用户名或密码不正确");
            mav.setViewName("login");
            throw new RuntimeException("用户名或密码不正确");
        }else {
            logger.info("登录成功");
            session.setAttribute("user",user);
            mav.addObject("user",user);
            mav.setViewName("redirect:../jsp/loginSuc.jsp");
        }
        return mav;
    }

    /**
     * 登出
     * @param name
     * @param session
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/logout")
    public String logout(@RequestParam String name,HttpSession session){
        session.invalidate();
        return "redirect:login";
    }

    /**
     * 局部异常
     * @param session
     * @param e
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = {RuntimeException.class})
    public String errHandler(HttpSession session,RuntimeException e,HttpServletRequest request){
        session.invalidate();
        logger.info(e.getMessage());
        request.setAttribute("e",e);
        return "loginErr";
    }
}

  • 指示符 —“redirect:” 转发
  • 指示符 —“forward:” 重定向
  1. 登录成功后的当前用户信息需保存在session

  2. 若登录失败,除了页面跳转到登陆页,还需在页面上进行错误提示

  3. Servlet API对象作为处理方法的入参

    • HttpSession
    • HttpServletRequest
  4. 页面上使用EL表达式显示相应信息

异常处理

  • HandlerExceptionResolver
    • resolveException()

局部异常处理

  • 仅能处理指定Controller中的异常
    • @ExceptionHandler

全局异常处理

  • 对所有异常进行统一处理
  • 配置SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
    • 发生异常时使用对应的视图报告异常

在这里插入图片描述

7、改造View层

1、login.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: mu_bai
  Date: 2019/11/8
  Time: 14:14
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录界面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/login/doLogin" method="post">
    <p><input type="text" name="name"/></p>
    <p><input type="password" name="pwd"/></p>
    <p><input type="submit"/></p>
</form>
</body>
</html>

2、loginErr.jsp

<%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: mu_bai
  Date: 2019/11/8
  Time: 14:23
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登入失败页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登入失败</h1>

<h1>${e.message}</h1>

<%--下面这个方法,errMsg在页面上获取不到,显示为NULL,标记下,解决了再更新代码--%>
<%--<%
    Object obj=request.getParameter("e");
    RuntimeException errMsg=null;
    if(obj!=null){
       errMsg=(RuntimeException) obj;
   }
%>
<h1><%=errMsg%></h1>--%>

</body>
</html>

3、loginSuc.jsp

<%@ page import="cn.kgc.entity.User" %><%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: mu_bai
  Date: 2019/11/8
  Time: 14:24
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登入成功页面</title>
</head>
<%  Object obj=session.getAttribute("user");
    User user=null;
    String name=null;
    if(obj!=null){
        user=(User)obj;
        name=user.getName();
    }else {
        response.sendRedirect("/login/login");
    }
%>
<body>
<h1>登录成功了</h1>

<h3><%=name==null? "" : "欢迎你:"+name %></h3>
<form method="post" action="/login/logout">
    <input type="text" name="name" value="<%=name==null? "": name %>" readonly>
    <input type="submit" value="登出">
</form>
</body>
</html>

8、结果演示

1、登录界面
在这里插入图片描述
2、登录成功界面(点击登出,会退回到登录界面)
在这里插入图片描述
3、登录失败界面(会打印出我们设置的异常)
在这里插入图片描述

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