14.2输入和输出运算符

输入输出运算符必须是非成员函数

输入时的错误

1. 当流含有错误类型的数据时读取操作可能失败。
2. 当读取操作到达文件尾或者输入流的其他错误时也会失败。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Sales_item
{
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Sales_item &item);
    friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, Sales_item &item);
public:
    Sales_item(string &book, unsigned count, double price) :
        isbn(book), units_sold(count), revenue(count*price){}
    Sales_item() :units_sold(0), revenue(0.0){}
private:
    string isbn;
    unsigned units_sold;
    double revenue;
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Sales_item &item)
{
    os << item.isbn << " " << item.units_sold << " "
        << item.revenue << " ";
    return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Sales_item &item)
{
    double price;//不需要初始化，因为我们将先读取数据到price，之后才使用它
    is >> item.isbn >> item.units_sold >> price;
    if (is)//检查输入是否成功
        item.revenue = item.units_sold*price;
    else
        item = Sales_item();//输入失败时对象被赋予默认的状态
    return is;
}
int main()
{
    //Sales_item item(string("99-999-999"), 2, 50.00);
    //cout << item << endl;
    Sales_item item;
    cin >> item;
    cout << item;
    return 0;
}