pandas(三) -- DataFrame的基本操作

DataFrame的基本操作
数据查看、转置、 添加、修改、删除值 / 对齐 / 排序
1. 查看、转置、 添加、修改

df.head()#查看df头部元素
df.tail()#查看df的最后几个元素
df.T#转置

df.loc[4] = 20  # df索引为4的行的值设为20,如果df无索引为4的行，则添加这行
df['e'] = 20  #df列名为‘e’的值设为20,如果df列名为‘e’的列，则添加这行
df[['a','c']] = 100  #同时设两列

2. 删除
df

    a          b          c          d
0  18.508749  55.076623  31.351921  97.197084
1   6.225724  38.386008  26.030686  37.091972
2  90.739194   7.106155  69.594075  10.862557
3  34.379840  33.543922  14.466034  39.377378

• del 删除列

del df['a']#原始数据会改变，无返回，输出会报错
print(df)

           b          c          d
0  55.076623  31.351921  97.197084
1  38.386008  26.030686  37.091972
2   7.106155  69.594075  10.862557
3  33.543922  14.466034  39.377378

• drop()删除行，inplace=False → 删除后生成新的数据，不改变原数据.inplace=True → 删除后不生成新的数据，改变原数据

print(df.drop(0))
print('*'*20)
print(df)

 b          c          d
1  38.386008  26.030686  37.091972
2   7.106155  69.594075  10.862557
3  33.543922  14.466034  39.377378
********************
           b          c          d
0  55.076623  31.351921  97.197084
1  38.386008  26.030686  37.091972
2   7.106155  69.594075  10.862557
3  33.543922  14.466034  39.377378

drop()删除列，需要加上axis = 1，inplace=False → 删除后生成新的数据，不改变原数据

print(df.drop(['d'], axis = 1))
print(df)

 b          c
0  55.076623  31.351921
1  38.386008  26.030686
2   7.106155  69.594075
3  33.543922  14.466034
           b          c          d
0  55.076623  31.351921  97.197084
1  38.386008  26.030686  37.091972
2   7.106155  69.594075  10.862557
3  33.543922  14.466034  39.377378

3. 对齐
DataFrame对象之间的数据自动按照列和索引（行标签）对齐

df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(5, 4), columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
df2 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randn(4, 3), columns=['A', 'B', 'C'])
print(df1)
print(df2)
print(df1 + df2)

有相同的index和columns的，相加，没有的用NaN填充

 A         B         C         D
0  0.936158  0.176731  0.057894  1.378480
1 -0.845350 -1.315490  1.364016  0.068843
2  1.202603 -1.866056 -1.243468 -2.464771
3 -1.027430 -0.090378  0.772160  0.421877
4  0.599495 -0.512279  0.343464 -0.539533
          A         B         C
0 -0.749239  0.468161 -1.300230
1  1.318669  0.415610  1.224801
2 -1.582607  0.297839  0.225834
3 -0.639544  0.187458  0.498859
          A         B         C   D
0  0.186919  0.644892 -1.242336 NaN
1  0.473319 -0.899880  2.588817 NaN
2 -0.380003 -1.568217 -1.017634 NaN
3 -1.666974  0.097081  1.271019 NaN
4       NaN       NaN       NaN NaN

4. 排序

• 按值排序.sort_values，同样适用于Series
  按‘a’列的值升序排列

df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(16).reshape(4,4)*100,
                   columns = ['a','b','c','d'])
print(df1)
print(df1.sort_values(['a'], ascending = True))  # 升序.ascending 上升的。ascending =False，降序排列

df

a          b          c          d
0   3.570340  86.589786  98.001894  50.984826
1  46.210527  83.412502  74.492003  73.251724
2  91.115360   6.083352  34.314697  56.784097
3  24.781722  67.813376  65.004312  31.788198

排序后结果

 a          b          c          d
0   3.570340  86.589786  98.001894  50.984826
3  24.781722  67.813376  65.004312  31.788198
1  46.210527  83.412502  74.492003  73.251724
2  91.115360   6.083352  34.314697  56.784097

print(df1.sort_values(['a','c'])) 多列排序，按列顺序排序

• 索引排序 .sort_index

df1 = pd.DataFrame(np.random.rand(16).reshape(4,4)*100,
                  index = [5,4,3,2],
                   columns = ['a','b','c','d'])
print(df1)
print(df1.sort_index())

 a          b          c          d
5  80.932585  71.991854  64.582943  23.443231
4  82.054030  87.459058  12.108433  83.047490
3  56.329863  14.926822  47.884418  59.880352
2   0.347007  69.794103  74.375345  12.736429
           a          b          c          d
2   0.347007  69.794103  74.375345  12.736429
3  56.329863  14.926822  47.884418  59.880352
4  82.054030  87.459058  12.108433  83.047490
5  80.932585  71.991854  64.582943  23.443231