本来是想先写这一篇的，结果写完了之后，测试，竟然推不出去，尴尬，所以赶紧去补了一下FLV格式的原理，因为这个rtmp推流推的就是flv格式，但是顺序还是不变，还是写推流，你们也可以先看FLV格式解析，可能看着有点乏味，但是如果我们带着问题去看的话，就觉得世界变的有趣了。
3.1 rtmp推流
3.1.1 rtmp推流简介
昨天写了一个简单的拉流程序，一共有几个函数，那几个函数我这里就不写，需要看的可以回到上一节看，但是我们可以根据拉流，也能猜测到推流也是几个函数，反正底层实现都交给库了，现在我们先不去研究库，先把东西做出来，下面是推流的几个重要步骤，可以看拉流对比对比：
InitSockets() //还是初始化socket
RTMP_Init(&rtmp); //初始化RTMP
RTMP_SetupURL(&rtmp, url) //设置参数，这个其实跟拉流那个解析url和设置参数是合并了
RTMP_EnableWrite(&rtmp); //这个就是区别，添加了一个写使能
RTMP_Connect(&rtmp, NULL) //建立连接
RTMP_ConnectStream(&rtmp, 0) //建立流连接
RTMPPacket_Alloc(packet, 1024 * 1024); //因为是发送，所以要准备一下发送buff
RTMP_SendPacket(&rtmp, packet, 0); //发送数据
RTMP_Close(&rtmp); //关闭RTMP
CleanupSockets(); //清除socket
还是把拉流的贴出来吧，没有对比就没有伤害：
是不是看到就个别的差别，所以推流实现起来也简单了。
3.1.2 rtmp推流实现源码
我这个推流的代码只是简单的实现功能，并没有做其他处理，也就是v0版本的，纯做入门能调用库进行推流的，下一节，就会完善推拉流的代码，我们现在先看简单的，不要着急，慢慢来。
int test_rtmp_push()
{
char *flv_name = "test.flv";
char *url = "rtmp://192.168.1.177:1935/live/chen";
FILE *fp = NULL;
RTMP rtmp = { 0 };
uint32_t preTagsize = 0;
//packet attributes
uint32_t type = 0;
uint32_t datalength = 0;
uint32_t timestamp = 0;
uint32_t streamid = 0;
fp = fopen(flv_name, "rb");
if(!fp) {
RTMP_LogPrintf("Open File LogError.\n");
return -1;
}
/* set log level */
//RTMP_LogLevel loglvl = RTMP_Log; // RTMP_LOGALL;
//RTMP_LogSetLevel(loglvl);
//第一步
if (!InitSockets())
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "Couldn't load sockets support on your platform, exiting!");
return -RD_FAILED;
}
//第二步
RTMP_Init(&rtmp);
//第三步，通过url设置参数
if (!RTMP_SetupURL(&rtmp, url))
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "SetupURL Err\n");
CleanupSockets();
return -1;
}
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "RTMP_SetBufferMS ---------->\n");
RTMP_SetBufferMS(&rtmp, 10000);
//第四步
// RTMP推流需要EnableWrite
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "RTMP_EnableWrite ---------->\n");
RTMP_EnableWrite(&rtmp);
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "RTMP_Connect ---------->\n");
if (!RTMP_Connect(&rtmp, NULL))
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "Connect Err\n");
CleanupSockets();
return -1;
}
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "RTMP_ConnectStream ---------->\n");
if (!RTMP_ConnectStream(&rtmp, 0))
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "ConnectStream Err\n");
RTMP_Close(&rtmp);
CleanupSockets();
return -1;
}
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "RTMP_ConnectStream ok. ---------->\n");
//第五步，申请消息内存
RTMPPacket *packet = NULL;
packet = (RTMPPacket*)malloc(sizeof(RTMPPacket));
// 为包申请了buffer, 实际在内部申请的为nSize + RTMP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE
RTMPPacket_Alloc(packet, 1024 * 1024);
RTMPPacket_Reset(packet);
//第六步，发送
//jump over FLV Header
fseek(fp, 9, SEEK_SET); // 跳过FLV header
//jump over previousTagSizen
fseek(fp, 4, SEEK_CUR); // 跳过 previousTagSizen
packet->m_nInfoField2 = rtmp.m_stream_id;
int continue_sleep_count = 0;
uint32_t audio_start_timestamp = 0;
uint32_t audio_current_timestamp = 0;
int h264_frame_count = 0;
uint32_t start_time = 0;
uint32_t now_time = 0;
start_time = (uint32_t)get_current_time_msec();
while(1)
{
if ((((now_time = (uint32_t)get_current_time_msec()) - start_time)
<(audio_current_timestamp - audio_start_timestamp)))
{
Sleep(30);
if(continue_sleep_count++ > 30)
{
// RTMP_Log("continue_sleep_count=%d timeout, time:%ums, aud:%ums\n",
// continue_sleep_count,
// (uint32_t)get_current_time_msec() - start_time,
// audio_current_timestamp - audio_start_timestamp);
}
continue;
}
continue_sleep_count = 0;
//not quite the same as FLV spec
if (!ReadU8(&type, fp)) // 读取tag类型
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "%s(%d) break %d\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, type);
break;
}
datalength = 0;
if (!ReadU24(&datalength, fp)) // 负载数据长度
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "%s(%d) break\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
break;
}
printf("datalength = %d %d\n", datalength, type);
if (!ReadTime(×tamp, fp))
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "%s(%d) break\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
break;
}
if (!ReadU24(&streamid, fp))
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "%s(%d) break\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
break;
}
if (type != RTMP_PACKET_TYPE_AUDIO && type != RTMP_PACKET_TYPE_VIDEO)
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "unknown type:%d", type);
//jump over non_audio and non_video frame，
//jump over next previousTagSizen at the same time
fseek(fp, datalength + 4, SEEK_CUR);
continue;
}
if (type == RTMP_PACKET_TYPE_AUDIO)
{
if(audio_start_timestamp == 0)
{
audio_start_timestamp = timestamp;
start_time = (uint32_t)get_current_time_msec();
}
if(timestamp < audio_current_timestamp) //回绕？做重置
{
audio_start_timestamp = 0;
start_time = (uint32_t)get_current_time_msec();
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGWARNING, "%s(%d) timestamp rollback %u->%ums\n",
__FUNCTION__, __LINE__, audio_current_timestamp, timestamp);
}
audio_current_timestamp = timestamp;
}
size_t read_len = 0;
if ((read_len = fread(packet->m_body, 1, datalength, fp)) != datalength)
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "fread error, read_len:%d, datalength:%d\n", datalength);
break;
}
if(type == RTMP_PACKET_TYPE_AUDIO)
{
packet->m_nChannel = RTMP_AUDIO_CHANNEL;
}
if(type == RTMP_PACKET_TYPE_VIDEO)
{
packet->m_nChannel = RTMP_VIDEO_CHANNEL;
}
packet->m_headerType = RTMP_PACKET_SIZE_MEDIUM;
packet->m_hasAbsTimestamp = 1;
packet->m_nTimeStamp = timestamp;
packet->m_packetType = type;
packet->m_nBodySize = datalength;
//pre_frame_time = timestamp;
if (!RTMP_IsConnected(&rtmp))
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "rtmp is not connect\n");
break;
}
if (!RTMP_SendPacket(&rtmp, packet, 0))
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "Send LogError\n");
break;
}
if (!ReadU32(&preTagsize, fp))
{
RTMP_Log(RTMP_LOGERROR, "%s(%d) break\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
break;
}
if (type == RTMP_PACKET_TYPE_VIDEO)
{
h264_frame_count++;
if (h264_frame_count % 50 == 0)
{
printf("t = %d, frame_count = %d, time:%ums, aud:%ums\n",
timestamp, h264_frame_count,
(uint32_t)get_current_time_msec() - start_time,
audio_current_timestamp - audio_start_timestamp);
}
}
}
//第七步清场，退出
if (fp)
fclose(fp);
RTMP_Close(&rtmp);
CleanupSockets();
return 0;
}
先去掉其他的代码，留下主干，主干是不是发现就是我刚刚说的哪几个函数，所以推流也是如此简单，既然是测试程序，所以我这是读取文件的方式进行推流，test.flv文件是昨天拉流的时候，拉下来的文件，所以今天就再次利用，作为推流的文件，再推回来。
如果还想了解一下细节，比如推流上去的是什么数据，这个就得看看后一篇文章音视频学习（四、FLV格式解析），只有看了这个FLV格式之后，才能明白发送的时候去读取的数据，到底读出了什么，FLV格式第一个字节是类型，08是音频，09是视频，然后接下来就是有效数据的长度，之后那两个就是时间戳，我们现在不讨论时间戳，就把头的数据跳过之后，就去取有效的数据，然后打包到packet里面，进行发送，就是这样简单。
我之前为什么一直推流不上去的原因就是，我擅自把读取时间戳的函数去掉了，因为我觉得读取时间戳没有，结果一直推不上去，所以就火急火燎的跑去看了FLV格式，回来才发现，数据偏移出错了，导致每次读到的数据有错，那为什么读取数据会偏移，就是因为少读取了两个时间戳，导致读错，所以一下子就明白了，就改了过来，果不其然就推流成功了。
附其他部分代码：
#include <stdio.h>
#include <librtmp/log.h>
#include "librtmp/rtmp_sys.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#ifdef _WIN32
#include <Windows.h>
#endif
#define RD_SUCCESS 0
#define RD_FAILED 1
#define RD_INCOMPLETE 2
enum RTMPChannel
{
RTMP_NETWORK_CHANNEL = 2, ///< channel for network-related messages (bandwidth report, ping, etc)
RTMP_SYSTEM_CHANNEL, ///< channel for sending server control messages
RTMP_AUDIO_CHANNEL, ///< channel for audio data
RTMP_VIDEO_CHANNEL = 6, ///< channel for video data
RTMP_SOURCE_CHANNEL = 8, ///< channel for a/v invokes
};
#define HTON16(x) ((x>>8&0xff)|(x<<8&0xff00))
#define HTON24(x) ((x>>16&0xff)|(x<<16&0xff0000)|(x&0xff00))
#define HTON32(x) ((x>>24&0xff)|(x>>8&0xff00)|\
(x<<8&0xff0000)|(x<<24&0xff000000))
#define HTONTIME(x) ((x>>16&0xff)|(x<<16&0xff0000)|(x&0xff00)|(x&0xff000000))
static int64_t get_current_time_msec()
{
#ifdef _WIN32
return (int64_t)GetTickCount();
#else
struct timeval tv;
gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
return ((int64_t)tv.tv_sec * 1000 + (unsigned long long)tv.tv_usec / 1000);
#endif
}
/*read 1 byte*/
int ReadU8(uint32_t *u8, FILE*fp)
{
if (fread(u8, 1, 1, fp) != 1)
return 0;
return 1;
}
/*read 2 byte*/
int ReadU16(uint32_t *u16, FILE*fp)
{
if (fread(u16, 2, 1, fp) != 1)
return 0;
*u16 = HTON16(*u16);
return 1;
}
/*read 3 byte*/
int ReadU24(uint32_t *u24, FILE*fp)
{
if (fread(u24, 3, 1, fp) != 1)
return 0;
printf("U24 0x%x\n", *u24);
*u24 = HTON24(*u24);
return 1;
}
/*read 4 byte*/
int ReadU32(uint32_t *u32, FILE*fp)
{
if (fread(u32, 4, 1, fp) != 1)
return 0;
*u32 = HTON32(*u32);
return 1;
}
/*read 1 byte,and loopback 1 byte at once*/
int PeekU8(uint32_t *u8, FILE*fp)
{
if (fread(u8, 1, 1, fp) != 1)
return 0;
fseek(fp, -1, SEEK_CUR);
return 1;
}
/*read 4 byte and convert to time format*/
int ReadTime(uint32_t *utime, FILE*fp)
{
if (fread(utime, 4, 1, fp) != 1)
return 0;
*utime = HTONTIME(*utime);
return 1;
}
// starts sockets
static int InitSockets()
{
#ifdef WIN32
WORD version;
WSADATA wsaData;
version = MAKEWORD(1, 1);
return (WSAStartup(version, &wsaData) == 0);
#else
return TRUE;
#endif
}
static inline void CleanupSockets()
{
#ifdef WIN32
WSACleanup();
#endif
}
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