operator= 复制操作符的意外

首先，看下面的代码的输出时什么：

#include 
   
   
    
    
using namespace std;

class Base
{
public:
    Base &operator=(const Base &rhs)
    {
        cout << "operator= in Base..." << endl;
    }
    virtual ~Base(){}
};
class Derived:public Base
{
public:
    Derived &operator=(const Derived &rhs)
    {
        cout << "operator= in Derived..." << endl;
    }
    ~Derived(){}
};
int main()
{
    Derived d1,d2;
    d1 = d2;
    Base *p1 = &d1;
    Base *p2 = &d2;
    *p1 = *p2;
    return 0;
}

   
   

上述代码做了最理所当然的事，就是将Derived的两个对象进行了交换。但是通过指针进行的赋值输出却不是预期的:

竟然调用的是Base的operator=,也就意味着我们把d2的Base部分赋值给了d1，而现在的d1就是“一般是自己的derived,一半是d2的Base”的怪物啦！！！

看来编译器没有理会我们的意图，对于这样的指针赋值都不能如愿，于是，我们需要的是动态类型，那么，我们可以将 “operator=虚化”。

#include 
   
   
    
    
using namespace std;

class Base
{
public:
    virtual Base &operator=(const Base &rhs)
    {
        cout << "operator= in Base..." << endl;
    }
    virtual ~Base(){}
};
class Derived:public Base
{
public:
    Derived &operator=(const Base &rhs)
    {
        cout << "operator= in Derived..." << endl;
    }
    ~Derived(){}
};
int main()
{
    Derived d1,d2;
    d1 = d2;
    Base *p1 = &d1;
    Base *p2 = &d2;
    *p1 = *p2;
    return 0;
}

   
   

但是通过指针复制通过了，但是一般的对象赋值却莫名其妙了。

于是乎，添加对象本身的赋值操作符也是很有必要的，像下面这样：

#include 
   
   
    
    
using namespace std;

class Base
{
public:
    virtual Base &operator=(const Base &rhs)
    {
        cout << "operator= in Base..." << endl;
    }
    virtual ~Base(){}
};
class Derived:public Base
{
public:
    Derived &operator=(const Base &rhs)
    {
        cout << "operator= in Derived..." << endl;
    }
    Derived &operator=(const Derived &rhs)
    {
        cout << "operator= in Derived non virtual..." << endl;
    }
    ~Derived(){}
};
int main()
{
    Derived d1,d2;
    d1 = d2;
    Base *p1 = &d1;
    Base *p2 = &d2;
    *p1 = *p2;
    return 0;
}

   
   

结果为：

OK 大功告成，但是这只是其中的一小步。对于多重继承的情况，上述的代码又会出现一些令人费解的答案：

[to be continued]