一、二维数组与矩阵乘法的定义
二维数组本质上是以数组作为数组元素的数组,即“数组的数组”,类型说明符 数组名[常量表达式][常量表达式]。二维数组又称为矩阵,行列数相等的矩阵称为方阵。对称矩阵a[i][j] = a[j][i],对角矩阵:n阶方阵主对角线外都是零元素。
矩阵相乘最重要的方法是一般矩阵乘积。它只有在第一个矩阵的列数(column)和第二个矩阵的行数(row)相同时才有意义。一般单指矩阵乘积时,指的便是一般矩阵乘积。一个m×n的矩阵就是m×n个数排成m行n列的一个数阵。由于它把许多数据紧凑地集中到了一起,所以有时候可以简便地表示一些复杂的模型。
二、代码功能
三、二维数组的代码
1、定义动态的二维数组
typedef struct TwoDArray
{
int rows;
int columns;
int** elements;
}TwoDArray, *TwoDArrayPtr;
2、定义静态的二维数组
typedef struct TwoDStaticArray
{
int rows;
int columns;
int elements[ROWS][COLUMNS];
} TwoDStaticArray, *TwoDStaticArrayPtr;
3、二维数组的初始化
TwoDArrayPtr initTwoDArray(int paraRows,int paraColumns)
{
int i;
TwoDArrayPtr resultPtr = (TwoDArrayPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct TwoDArray));
resultPtr->rows = paraRows;
resultPtr->columns = paraColumns;
resultPtr->elements = (int**)malloc(paraRows * sizeof(int*));
for(i=0;i < paraRows; i++)
{
resultPtr->elements[i] = (int*)malloc(paraColumns * sizeof(int));
}
return resultPtr;
}
4、随机化二维数组的值
void randomizeTwoDArray(TwoDArrayPtr paraPtr, int paraLowerBound, int paraUpperBound)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < paraPtr->rows; i ++){
for (j = 0; j < paraPtr->columns; j ++) {
paraPtr->elements[i][j] = rand() % (paraUpperBound - paraLowerBound) + paraLowerBound;
}
}
}
5、打印二维数组
void printTwoDArray(TwoDArrayPtr paraPtr)
{
int i,j;
for(i = 0; i < paraPtr->rows; i++)
{
for(j = 0; j < paraPtr->columns; j++)
{
printf("%d, ",paraPtr->elements[i][j]);
}
printf("\r\n");
}
}
6、二维数组的矩阵相乘
TwoDArrayPtr matrixMultiply(TwoDArrayPtr paraPtr1 , TwoDArrayPtr paraPtr2)
{
int i,j,k,sum;
if(paraPtr1->columns != paraPtr2->rows)
{
printf("Matrices cannot be multiplied.\r\n");
return NULL;
}
TwoDArrayPtr resultPtr = initTwoDArray(paraPtr1->rows,paraPtr2->columns);
for (i = 0;i < paraPtr1->rows; i++)
{
for(j = 0; j < paraPtr2->columns; j++)
{
sum = 0;
for(k = 0; k < paraPtr1->columns; k++)
{
sum += paraPtr1->elements[i][k] * paraPtr2->elements[k][j];
}
resultPtr->elements[i][j] = sum;
printf("sum = %d, ",sum);
}
}
return resultPtr;
}
7、测试二维数组
void twoDArrayTest(){
TwoDArrayPtr tempPtr1, tempPtr2, tempPtr3;
tempPtr1 = initTwoDArray(3, 2);
randomizeTwoDArray(tempPtr1, 1, 5);
printf("The first matrix:\r\n");
printTwoDArray(tempPtr1);
tempPtr2 = initTwoDArray(2, 4);
randomizeTwoDArray(tempPtr2, 4, 9);
printf("The second matrix:\r\n");
printTwoDArray(tempPtr2);
tempPtr3 = matrixMultiply(tempPtr1, tempPtr2);
printf("The result:\r\n");
printTwoDArray(tempPtr3);
}
8、初始化静态二维数组
TwoDStaticArrayPtr initTwoDStaticArray(){
int i, j;
TwoDStaticArrayPtr resultPtr = (TwoDStaticArrayPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct TwoDStaticArray));
resultPtr->rows = ROWS;
resultPtr->columns = COLUMNS;
for (i = 0; i < ROWS; i ++){
for (j = 0; j < COLUMNS; j ++) {
resultPtr->elements[i][j] = i * 10 + j;
//Print their addresses.
printf("(%d, %d): %d; ", i, j, &(resultPtr->elements[i][j]));
}//Of for j
}//Of for i
return resultPtr;
}
9、程序入口
int main(){
twoDArrayTest();
TwoDStaticArrayPtr tempPtr = initTwoDStaticArray();
return 1;
}
10、运行结果
The first matrix:
2, 4,
3, 1,
2, 1,
The second matrix:
7, 7, 6, 8,
4, 4, 5, 6,
sum = 30, sum = 30, sum = 32, sum = 40, sum = 25, sum = 25, sum = 23, sum = 30, sum = 18, sum = 18, sum = 17, sum = 22, The result:
30, 30, 32, 40,
25, 25, 23, 30,
18, 18, 17, 22,
(0, 0): 1775032; (0, 1): 1775036; (0, 2): 1775040; (0, 3): 1775044; (0, 4): 1775048; (1, 0): 1775052; (1, 1): 1775056; (1, 2): 1775060; (1, 3): 1775064; (1, 4): 1775068; (2, 0): 1775072; (2, 1): 1775076; (2, 2): 1775080; (2, 3): 1775084; (2, 4): 1775088; (3, 0): 1775092; (3, 1): 1775096; (3, 2): 1775100; (3, 3): 1775104; (3, 4): 1775108;
四、整体代码
#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define ROWS 4
#define COLUMNS 5
/**
* Two dimensional array.
*/
typedef struct TwoDArray{
int rows;
int columns;
int** elements;
} TwoDArray, *TwoDArrayPtr;
/**
* Two dimensional array.
*/
typedef struct TwoDStaticArray{
int rows;
int columns;
int elements[ROWS][COLUMNS];
} TwoDStaticArray, *TwoDStaticArrayPtr;
/**
* Initialize the two-dimensional array.
*/
TwoDArrayPtr initTwoDArray(int paraRows, int paraColumns){
int i;
TwoDArrayPtr resultPtr = (TwoDArrayPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct TwoDArray));
resultPtr->rows = paraRows;
resultPtr->columns = paraColumns;
resultPtr->elements = (int**)malloc(paraRows * sizeof(int*));
for (i = 0; i < paraRows; i ++){
resultPtr->elements[i] = (int*)malloc(paraColumns * sizeof(int));
}//Of for i
return resultPtr;
}// Of initTwoDArray
/**
* Randomize the data of the array.
*/
void randomizeTwoDArray(TwoDArrayPtr paraPtr, int paraLowerBound, int paraUpperBound){
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < paraPtr->rows; i ++){
for (j = 0; j < paraPtr->columns; j ++) {
paraPtr->elements[i][j] = rand() % (paraUpperBound - paraLowerBound) + paraLowerBound;
}//Of for j
}//Of for i
}// Of randomizeTwoDArray
/**
* Print the array
*/
void printTwoDArray(TwoDArrayPtr paraPtr){
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < paraPtr->rows; i ++){
for (j = 0; j < paraPtr->columns; j ++) {
printf("%d, ", paraPtr->elements[i][j]);
}//Of for j
printf("\r\n");
}//Of for i
}// Of initTwoDArray
/**
* Matrix Multiply.
*/
TwoDArrayPtr matrixMultiply(TwoDArrayPtr paraPtr1, TwoDArrayPtr paraPtr2){
int i, j, k, sum;
if (paraPtr1->columns != paraPtr2->rows){
printf("Matrices cannot be multiplied.\r\n");
return NULL;
}//Of if
TwoDArrayPtr resultPtr = initTwoDArray(paraPtr1->rows, paraPtr2->columns);
for (i = 0; i < paraPtr1->rows; i ++){
for (j = 0; j < paraPtr2->columns; j ++) {
sum = 0;
for (k = 0; k < paraPtr1->columns; k ++) {
sum += paraPtr1->elements[i][k] * paraPtr2->elements[k][j];
}//Of for k
resultPtr->elements[i][j] = sum;
printf("sum = %d, ", sum);
}//Of for j
}//Of for i
return resultPtr;
}// Of matrixMultiply
/**
* Test the generation of the 2D array.
*/
void twoDArrayTest(){
TwoDArrayPtr tempPtr1, tempPtr2, tempPtr3;
tempPtr1 = initTwoDArray(3, 2);
randomizeTwoDArray(tempPtr1, 1, 5);
printf("The first matrix:\r\n");
printTwoDArray(tempPtr1);
tempPtr2 = initTwoDArray(2, 4);
randomizeTwoDArray(tempPtr2, 4, 9);
printf("The second matrix:\r\n");
printTwoDArray(tempPtr2);
tempPtr3 = matrixMultiply(tempPtr1, tempPtr2);
printf("The result:\r\n");
printTwoDArray(tempPtr3);
}//Of twoDArrayTest
/**
* Initialize the two-dimensional array.
*/
TwoDStaticArrayPtr initTwoDStaticArray(){
int i, j;
TwoDStaticArrayPtr resultPtr = (TwoDStaticArrayPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct TwoDStaticArray));
resultPtr->rows = ROWS;
resultPtr->columns = COLUMNS;
for (i = 0; i < ROWS; i ++){
for (j = 0; j < COLUMNS; j ++) {
resultPtr->elements[i][j] = i * 10 + j;
//Print their addresses.
printf("(%d, %d): %d; ", i, j, &(resultPtr->elements[i][j]));
}//Of for j
}//Of for i
return resultPtr;
}// Of initTwoDStaticArray
/**
* The entrance.
*/
int main(){
twoDArrayTest();
TwoDStaticArrayPtr tempPtr = initTwoDStaticArray();
return 1;
}