数据结构 C 代码 5.1: 二维数组与矩阵乘法

摘要: 这里用二维数组表示矩阵.

1. 代码

先上代码, 再说废话.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define ROWS 4
#define COLUMNS 5

/**
 * Two dimensional array.
 */
typedef struct TwoDArray{
	int rows;
	int columns;
	int** elements;
} TwoDArray, *TwoDArrayPtr;

/**
 * Two dimensional array.
 */
typedef struct TwoDStaticArray{
	int rows;
	int columns;
	int elements[ROWS][COLUMNS];
} TwoDStaticArray, *TwoDStaticArrayPtr;

/**
 * Initialize the two-dimensional array.
 */
TwoDArrayPtr initTwoDArray(int paraRows, int paraColumns){
	int i;
	TwoDArrayPtr resultPtr = (TwoDArrayPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct TwoDArray));
	resultPtr->rows = paraRows;
	resultPtr->columns = paraColumns;
	resultPtr->elements = (int**)malloc(paraRows * sizeof(int*));
	for (i = 0; i < paraRows; i ++){
		resultPtr->elements[i] = (int*)malloc(paraColumns * sizeof(int));
	}//Of for i

	return resultPtr;
}// Of initTwoDArray

/**
 * Randomize the data of the array.
 */
void randomizeTwoDArray(TwoDArrayPtr paraPtr, int paraLowerBound, int paraUpperBound){
	int i, j;	
	for (i = 0; i < paraPtr->rows; i ++){
		for (j = 0; j < paraPtr->columns; j ++) {
			paraPtr->elements[i][j] = rand() % (paraUpperBound - paraLowerBound) + paraLowerBound;
		}//Of for j
	}//Of for i
}// Of randomizeTwoDArray

/**
 * Print the array
 */
void printTwoDArray(TwoDArrayPtr paraPtr){
	int i, j;	
	for (i = 0; i < paraPtr->rows; i ++){
		for (j = 0; j < paraPtr->columns; j ++) {
			printf("%d, ", paraPtr->elements[i][j]);
		}//Of for j
		printf("\r\n");
	}//Of for i
}// Of initTwoDArray

/**
 * Matrix Multiply.
 */
TwoDArrayPtr matrixMultiply(TwoDArrayPtr paraPtr1, TwoDArrayPtr paraPtr2){
	int i, j, k, sum;
	if (paraPtr1->columns != paraPtr2->rows){
		printf("Matrices cannot be multiplied.\r\n");
		return NULL;
	}//Of if

	TwoDArrayPtr resultPtr = initTwoDArray(paraPtr1->rows, paraPtr2->columns);

	for (i = 0; i < paraPtr1->rows; i ++){
		for (j = 0; j < paraPtr2->columns; j ++) {
			sum = 0;
			for (k = 0; k < paraPtr1->columns; k ++) {
				sum += paraPtr1->elements[i][k] * paraPtr2->elements[k][j];
			}//Of for k
			resultPtr->elements[i][j] = sum;
			printf("sum = %d, ", sum);
		}//Of for j
	}//Of for i

	return resultPtr;
}// Of matrixMultiply

/**
 * Test the generation of the 2D array.
 */
void twoDArrayTest(){
	TwoDArrayPtr tempPtr1, tempPtr2, tempPtr3;
	tempPtr1 = initTwoDArray(3, 2);
	randomizeTwoDArray(tempPtr1, 1, 5);
	printf("The first matrix:\r\n");
	printTwoDArray(tempPtr1);

	tempPtr2 = initTwoDArray(2, 4);
	randomizeTwoDArray(tempPtr2, 4, 9);
	printf("The second matrix:\r\n");
	printTwoDArray(tempPtr2);

	tempPtr3 = matrixMultiply(tempPtr1, tempPtr2);
	printf("The result:\r\n");
	printTwoDArray(tempPtr3);
}//Of twoDArrayTest

/**
 * Initialize the two-dimensional array.
 */
TwoDStaticArrayPtr initTwoDStaticArray(){
	int i, j;
	TwoDStaticArrayPtr resultPtr = (TwoDStaticArrayPtr)malloc(sizeof(struct TwoDStaticArray));
	resultPtr->rows = ROWS;
	resultPtr->columns = COLUMNS;
	for (i = 0; i < ROWS; i ++){
		for (j = 0; j < COLUMNS; j ++) {
			resultPtr->elements[i][j] = i * 10 + j;
			//Print their addresses.
			printf("(%d, %d): %d; ", i, j, &(resultPtr->elements[i][j]));
		}//Of for j
	}//Of for i
	
	return resultPtr;
}// Of initTwoDStaticArray

/**
 * The entrance.
 */
int main(){
	twoDArrayTest();
	TwoDStaticArrayPtr tempPtr = initTwoDStaticArray();

	return 1;
}// Of main

2. 运行结果

The first matrix:
2, 4,
3, 1,
2, 1,
The second matrix:
7, 7, 6, 8,
4, 4, 5, 6,
sum = 30, sum = 30, sum = 32, sum = 40, sum = 25, sum = 25, sum = 23, sum = 30, sum = 18, sum = 18, sum = 17, sum = 22, The result:
30, 30, 32, 40,
25, 25, 23, 30,
18, 18, 17, 22,
(0, 0): 7356432; (0, 1): 7356436; (0, 2): 7356440; (0, 3): 7356444; (0, 4): 7356448; (1, 0): 7356452; (1, 1): 7356456; (1, 2): 7356460; (1, 3): 7356464; (1, 4): 7356468; (2, 0): 7356472; (2, 1): 7356476; (2, 2): 7356480; (2, 3): 7356484; (2, 4): 7356488; (3, 0): 7356492; (3, 1): 7356496; (3, 2): 7356500; (3, 3): 7356504; (3, 4): 7356508; Press any key to continue

3. 说明

1. 两种空间分配方案.
2. 矩阵的乘法复杂度为 $O(mnk)$.
3. 打印地址可以知道其存储方式.