def
当一个对象内在状态改变时允许其改变行为, 这个对象看起来像改变了其类。
usage
● 结构清晰
避免了过多的switch…case或者if…else语句的使用, 避免了程序的复杂性,提高系统的维护性。
● 遵循设计原则
很好地体现了开闭原则和单一职责原则, 每个状态都是一个子类, 你要增加状态就要增加子类, 你要修改状态, 你只修改一个子类就可以了。
● 封装性非常好
这也是状态模式的基本要求, 状态变换放置到类的内部来实现, 外部的调用不用知道类内部如何实现状态和行为的变换。
code
class State(object):
"""Base state. This is to share functionality"""
def scan(self):
"""Scan the dial to the next station"""
self.pos += 1
if self.pos == len(self.stations):
self.pos = 0
print(u"Scanning... Station is %s %s" %
(self.stations[self.pos], self.name))
class AmState(State):
def __init__(self, radio):
self.radio = radio
self.stations = ["1250", "1380", "1510"]
self.pos = 0
self.name = "AM"
def toggle_amfm(self):
print(u"Switching to FM")
self.radio.state = self.radio.fmstate
class FmState(State):
def __init__(self, radio):
self.radio = radio
self.stations = ["81.3", "89.1", "103.9"]
self.pos = 0
self.name = "FM"
def toggle_amfm(self):
print(u"Switching to AM")
self.radio.state = self.radio.amstate
class Radio(object):
"""A radio. It has a scan button, and an AM/FM toggle switch."""
def __init__(self):
"""We have an AM state and an FM state"""
self.amstate = AmState(self)
self.fmstate = FmState(self)
self.state = self.amstate
def toggle_amfm(self):
self.state.toggle_amfm()
def scan(self):
self.state.scan()
# Test our radio out
if __name__ == '__main__':
radio = Radio()
actions = [radio.scan] * 2 + [radio.toggle_amfm] + [radio.scan] * 2
actions *= 2
for action in actions:
action()
### OUTPUT ###
# Scanning... Station is 1380 AM
# Scanning... Station is 1510 AM
# Switching to FM
# Scanning... Station is 89.1 FM
# Scanning... Station is 103.9 FM
# Scanning... Station is 81.3 FM
# Scanning... Station is 89.1 FM
# Switching to AM
# Scanning... Station is 1250 AM
# Scanning... Station is 1380 AM