参考链接
AVIOContext
- AVIOContext是FFMPEG管理输入输出数据的结构体
- 结构体的定义位于位于avio.h
关键的变量如下所示
- unsigned char *buffer：缓存开始位置
- int buffer_size：缓存大小（默认32768）
- unsigned char *buf_ptr：当前指针读取到的位置
- unsigned char *buf_end：缓存结束的位置
- void *opaque：URLContext结构体
- 在解码的情况下，buffer用于存储ffmpeg读入的数据。
- 例如打开一个视频文件的时候，先把数据从硬盘读入buffer，然后在送给解码器用于解码。
/**
* A callback that is used instead of write_packet.
*/
int (*write_data_type)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size,
enum AVIODataMarkerType type, int64_t time);- 其中opaque指向了URLContext。不是很理解这句话的含义
- 涉及到write_data_type的一共仅有三处
- 第一部分：函数的定义
- 第二部分：if判断
- 第三部分：函数的调用
- 注意，这个结构体并不在FFMPEG提供的头文件中，而是在FFMPEG的源代码中。修正：目前在url.h文件中
- URLContext结构体中还有一个结构体URLProtocol
- 注：每种协议（rtp，rtmp，file等）对应一个URLProtocol
typedef struct URLProtocol {
const char *name;
int (*url_open)( URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags);
/**
* This callback is to be used by protocols which open further nested
* protocols. options are then to be passed to ffurl_open_whitelist()
* or ffurl_connect() for those nested protocols.
*/
int (*url_open2)(URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags, AVDictionary **options);
int (*url_accept)(URLContext *s, URLContext **c);
int (*url_handshake)(URLContext *c);
/**
* Read data from the protocol.
* If data is immediately available (even less than size), EOF is
* reached or an error occurs (including EINTR), return immediately.
* Otherwise:
* In non-blocking mode, return AVERROR(EAGAIN) immediately.
* In blocking mode, wait for data/EOF/error with a short timeout (0.1s),
* and return AVERROR(EAGAIN) on timeout.
* Checking interrupt_callback, looping on EINTR and EAGAIN and until
* enough data has been read is left to the calling function; see
* retry_transfer_wrapper in avio.c.
*/
int (*url_read)( URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size);
int (*url_write)(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size);
int64_t (*url_seek)( URLContext *h, int64_t pos, int whence);
int (*url_close)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_read_pause)(URLContext *h, int pause);
int64_t (*url_read_seek)(URLContext *h, int stream_index,
int64_t timestamp, int flags);
int (*url_get_file_handle)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_get_multi_file_handle)(URLContext *h, int **handles,
int *numhandles);
int (*url_get_short_seek)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_shutdown)(URLContext *h, int flags);
const AVClass *priv_data_class;
int priv_data_size;
int flags;
int (*url_check)(URLContext *h, int mask);
int (*url_open_dir)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_read_dir)(URLContext *h, AVIODirEntry **next);
int (*url_close_dir)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_delete)(URLContext *h);
int (*url_move)(URLContext *h_src, URLContext *h_dst);
const char *default_whitelist;
} URLProtocol;
- 在这个结构体中，除了一些回调函数接口之外，有一个变量const char *name，该变量存储了协议的名称。
- 每一种输入协议都对应这样一个结构体。
文件协议 数据结构ff_file_protocol
- 位于file.c
- 函数指针 指向具体的执行函数
- 等号右边的函数是完成具体读写功能的函数。可以看一下file协议的几个函数（其实就是读文件，写文件这样的操作）
const URLProtocol ff_file_protocol = {
.name = "file",
.url_open = file_open,
.url_read = file_read,
.url_write = file_write,
.url_seek = file_seek,
.url_close = file_close,
.url_get_file_handle = file_get_handle,
.url_check = file_check,
.url_delete = file_delete,
.url_move = file_move,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(FileContext),
.priv_data_class = &file_class,
.url_open_dir = file_open_dir,
.url_read_dir = file_read_dir,
.url_close_dir = file_close_dir,
.default_whitelist = "file,crypto,data"
};static int file_read(URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
int ret;
size = FFMIN(size, c->blocksize);
ret = read(c->fd, buf, size);
if (ret == 0 && c->follow)
return AVERROR(EAGAIN);
if (ret == 0)
return AVERROR_EOF;
return (ret == -1) ? AVERROR(errno) : ret;
}
static int file_write(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
int ret;
size = FFMIN(size, c->blocksize);
ret = write(c->fd, buf, size);
return (ret == -1) ? AVERROR(errno) : ret;
}
static int file_get_handle(URLContext *h)
{
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
return c->fd;
}
static int file_check(URLContext *h, int mask)
{
int ret = 0;
const char *filename = h->filename;
av_strstart(filename, "file:", &filename);
{
#if HAVE_ACCESS && defined(R_OK)
if (access(filename, F_OK) < 0)
return AVERROR(errno);
if (mask&AVIO_FLAG_READ)
if (access(filename, R_OK) >= 0)
ret |= AVIO_FLAG_READ;
if (mask&AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)
if (access(filename, W_OK) >= 0)
ret |= AVIO_FLAG_WRITE;
#else
struct stat st;
ret = stat(filename, &st);
if (ret < 0)
return AVERROR(errno);
ret |= st.st_mode&S_IRUSR ? mask&AVIO_FLAG_READ : 0;
ret |= st.st_mode&S_IWUSR ? mask&AVIO_FLAG_WRITE : 0;
#endif
}
return ret;
}
#if CONFIG_FILE_PROTOCOL
static int file_delete(URLContext *h)
{
#if HAVE_UNISTD_H
int ret;
const char *filename = h->filename;
av_strstart(filename, "file:", &filename);
ret = rmdir(filename);
if (ret < 0 && (errno == ENOTDIR
# ifdef _WIN32
|| errno == EINVAL
# endif
))
ret = unlink(filename);
if (ret < 0)
return AVERROR(errno);
return ret;
#else
return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
#endif /* HAVE_UNISTD_H */
}
static int file_move(URLContext *h_src, URLContext *h_dst)
{
const char *filename_src = h_src->filename;
const char *filename_dst = h_dst->filename;
av_strstart(filename_src, "file:", &filename_src);
av_strstart(filename_dst, "file:", &filename_dst);
if (rename(filename_src, filename_dst) < 0)
return AVERROR(errno);
return 0;
}
static int file_open(URLContext *h, const char *filename, int flags)
{
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
int access;
int fd;
struct stat st;
av_strstart(filename, "file:", &filename);
if (flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE && flags & AVIO_FLAG_READ) {
access = O_CREAT | O_RDWR;
if (c->trunc)
access |= O_TRUNC;
} else if (flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) {
access = O_CREAT | O_WRONLY;
if (c->trunc)
access |= O_TRUNC;
} else {
access = O_RDONLY;
}
#ifdef O_BINARY
access |= O_BINARY;
#endif
fd = avpriv_open(filename, access, 0666);
if (fd == -1)
return AVERROR(errno);
c->fd = fd;
h->is_streamed = !fstat(fd, &st) && S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode);
/* Buffer writes more than the default 32k to improve throughput especially
* with networked file systems */
if (!h->is_streamed && flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)
h->min_packet_size = h->max_packet_size = 262144;
if (c->seekable >= 0)
h->is_streamed = !c->seekable;
return 0;
}
/* XXX: use llseek */
static int64_t file_seek(URLContext *h, int64_t pos, int whence)
{
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
int64_t ret;
if (whence == AVSEEK_SIZE) {
struct stat st;
ret = fstat(c->fd, &st);
return ret < 0 ? AVERROR(errno) : (S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? 0 : st.st_size);
}
ret = lseek(c->fd, pos, whence);
return ret < 0 ? AVERROR(errno) : ret;
}
static int file_close(URLContext *h)
{
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
int ret = close(c->fd);
return (ret == -1) ? AVERROR(errno) : 0;
}
static int file_open_dir(URLContext *h)
{
#if HAVE_LSTAT
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
c->dir = opendir(h->filename);
if (!c->dir)
return AVERROR(errno);
return 0;
#else
return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
#endif /* HAVE_LSTAT */
}
static int file_read_dir(URLContext *h, AVIODirEntry **next)
{
#if HAVE_LSTAT
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
struct dirent *dir;
char *fullpath = NULL;
*next = ff_alloc_dir_entry();
if (!*next)
return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
do {
errno = 0;
dir = readdir(c->dir);
if (!dir) {
av_freep(next);
return AVERROR(errno);
}
} while (!strcmp(dir->d_name, ".") || !strcmp(dir->d_name, ".."));
fullpath = av_append_path_component(h->filename, dir->d_name);
if (fullpath) {
struct stat st;
if (!lstat(fullpath, &st)) {
if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
(*next)->type = AVIO_ENTRY_DIRECTORY;
else if (S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode))
(*next)->type = AVIO_ENTRY_NAMED_PIPE;
else if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode))
(*next)->type = AVIO_ENTRY_CHARACTER_DEVICE;
else if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode))
(*next)->type = AVIO_ENTRY_BLOCK_DEVICE;
else if (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode))
(*next)->type = AVIO_ENTRY_SYMBOLIC_LINK;
else if (S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode))
(*next)->type = AVIO_ENTRY_SOCKET;
else if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
(*next)->type = AVIO_ENTRY_FILE;
else
(*next)->type = AVIO_ENTRY_UNKNOWN;
(*next)->group_id = st.st_gid;
(*next)->user_id = st.st_uid;
(*next)->size = st.st_size;
(*next)->filemode = st.st_mode & 0777;
(*next)->modification_timestamp = INT64_C(1000000) * st.st_mtime;
(*next)->access_timestamp = INT64_C(1000000) * st.st_atime;
(*next)->status_change_timestamp = INT64_C(1000000) * st.st_ctime;
}
av_free(fullpath);
}
(*next)->name = av_strdup(dir->d_name);
return 0;
#else
return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
#endif /* HAVE_LSTAT */
}
static int file_close_dir(URLContext *h)
{
#if HAVE_LSTAT
FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
closedir(c->dir);
return 0;
#else
return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
#endif /* HAVE_LSTAT */
}
libRTMP
- 位于librtmp.c
RTMP_CLASS(rtmp)
const URLProtocol ff_librtmp_protocol = {
.name = "rtmp",
.url_open = rtmp_open,
.url_read = rtmp_read,
.url_write = rtmp_write,
.url_close = rtmp_close,
.url_read_pause = rtmp_read_pause,
.url_read_seek = rtmp_read_seek,
.url_get_file_handle = rtmp_get_file_handle,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(LibRTMPContext),
.priv_data_class = &librtmp_class,
.flags = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
};
RTMP_CLASS(rtmpt)
const URLProtocol ff_librtmpt_protocol = {
.name = "rtmpt",
.url_open = rtmp_open,
.url_read = rtmp_read,
.url_write = rtmp_write,
.url_close = rtmp_close,
.url_read_pause = rtmp_read_pause,
.url_read_seek = rtmp_read_seek,
.url_get_file_handle = rtmp_get_file_handle,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(LibRTMPContext),
.priv_data_class = &librtmpt_class,
.flags = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
};
RTMP_CLASS(rtmpe)
const URLProtocol ff_librtmpe_protocol = {
.name = "rtmpe",
.url_open = rtmp_open,
.url_read = rtmp_read,
.url_write = rtmp_write,
.url_close = rtmp_close,
.url_read_pause = rtmp_read_pause,
.url_read_seek = rtmp_read_seek,
.url_get_file_handle = rtmp_get_file_handle,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(LibRTMPContext),
.priv_data_class = &librtmpe_class,
.flags = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
};
RTMP_CLASS(rtmpte)
const URLProtocol ff_librtmpte_protocol = {
.name = "rtmpte",
.url_open = rtmp_open,
.url_read = rtmp_read,
.url_write = rtmp_write,
.url_close = rtmp_close,
.url_read_pause = rtmp_read_pause,
.url_read_seek = rtmp_read_seek,
.url_get_file_handle = rtmp_get_file_handle,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(LibRTMPContext),
.priv_data_class = &librtmpte_class,
.flags = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
};
RTMP_CLASS(rtmps)
const URLProtocol ff_librtmps_protocol = {
.name = "rtmps",
.url_open = rtmp_open,
.url_read = rtmp_read,
.url_write = rtmp_write,
.url_close = rtmp_close,
.url_read_pause = rtmp_read_pause,
.url_read_seek = rtmp_read_seek,
.url_get_file_handle = rtmp_get_file_handle,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(LibRTMPContext),
.priv_data_class = &librtmps_class,
.flags = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
};
udp协议
- 位于udp.c
const URLProtocol ff_udp_protocol = {
.name = "udp",
.url_open = udp_open,
.url_read = udp_read,
.url_write = udp_write,
.url_close = udp_close,
.url_get_file_handle = udp_get_file_handle,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(UDPContext),
.priv_data_class = &udp_class,
.flags = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
};
const URLProtocol ff_udplite_protocol = {
.name = "udplite",
.url_open = udplite_open,
.url_read = udp_read,
.url_write = udp_write,
.url_close = udp_close,
.url_get_file_handle = udp_get_file_handle,
.priv_data_size = sizeof(UDPContext),
.priv_data_class = &udplite_context_class,
.flags = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
};
代码
/**
* Bytestream IO Context. //字节流 IO 上下文
* New public fields can be added with minor version bumps. //新的公共字段可以添加小版本颠簸
* Removal, reordering and changes to existing public fields require
* a major version bump. 移除、重新排序和更改现有公共字段需要一个主要版本的凹凸
* sizeof(AVIOContext) must not be used outside libav*. //sizeof(AVIOContext) 不得在 libav* 之外使用
*
* @note None of the function pointers in AVIOContext should be called
* directly, they should only be set by the client application
* when implementing custom I/O. Normally these are set to the
* function pointers specified in avio_alloc_context()
* AVIOContext 中的任何函数指针都不应直接调用，它们只能由客户端应用程序
* 在实现自定义 I/O 时设置。 通常这些设置为 avio_alloc_context() 中指定的函数指针
*/
typedef struct AVIOContext {
/**
* A class for private options. //一个私人选项类
*
* If this AVIOContext is created by avio_open2(), av_class is set and
* passes the options down to protocols.
* 如果此 AVIOContext 由 avio_open2() 创建，则设置 av_class 并将选项传递给协议
*
* If this AVIOContext is manually allocated, then av_class may be set by
* the caller.
* 如果这个 AVIOContext 是手动分配的，那么 av_class 可能由调用者设置
*
* warning -- this field can be NULL, be sure to not pass this AVIOContext
* to any av_opt_* functions in that case.
* 警告——该字段可以为 NULL，在这种情况下，请确保不要将此 AVIOContext 传递给任何 av_opt_* 函数
*/
const AVClass *av_class;
/*
* The following shows the relationship between buffer, buf_ptr,
* buf_ptr_max, buf_end, buf_size, and pos, when reading and when writing
* (since AVIOContext is used for both):
*
**********************************************************************************
* READING
**********************************************************************************
*
* | buffer_size |
* |---------------------------------------|
* | |
*
* buffer buf_ptr buf_end
* +---------------+-----------------------+
* |/ / / / / / / /|/ / / / / / /| |
* read buffer: |/ / consumed / | to be read /| |
* |/ / / / / / / /|/ / / / / / /| |
* +---------------+-----------------------+
*
* pos
* +-------------------------------------------+-----------------+
* input file: | | |
* +-------------------------------------------+-----------------+
*
*
**********************************************************************************
* WRITING
**********************************************************************************
*
* | buffer_size |
* |--------------------------------------|
* | |
*
* buf_ptr_max
* buffer (buf_ptr) buf_end
* +-----------------------+--------------+
* |/ / / / / / / / / / / /| |
* write buffer: | / / to be flushed / / | |
* |/ / / / / / / / / / / /| |
* +-----------------------+--------------+
* buf_ptr can be in this
* due to a backward seek
*
* pos
* +-------------+----------------------------------------------+
* output file: | | |
* +-------------+----------------------------------------------+
*
*/
unsigned char *buffer; /**< Start of the buffer. */
int buffer_size; /**< Maximum buffer size */
unsigned char *buf_ptr; /**< Current position in the buffer */
unsigned char *buf_end; /**< End of the data, may be less than
buffer+buffer_size if the read function returned
less data than requested, e.g. for streams where
no more data has been received yet. */
void *opaque; /**< A private pointer, passed to the read/write/seek/...
functions. */
int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size);
int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size);
int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence);
int64_t pos; /**< position in the file of the current buffer */
int eof_reached; /**< true if was unable to read due to error or eof */
int error; /**< contains the error code or 0 if no error happened */
int write_flag; /**< true if open for writing */
int max_packet_size;
int min_packet_size; /**< Try to buffer at least this amount of data
before flushing it. */
unsigned long checksum;
unsigned char *checksum_ptr;
unsigned long (*update_checksum)(unsigned long checksum, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int size);
/**
* Pause or resume playback for network streaming protocols - e.g. MMS.
*/
int (*read_pause)(void *opaque, int pause);
/**
* Seek to a given timestamp in stream with the specified stream_index.
* Needed for some network streaming protocols which don't support seeking
* to byte position.
*/
int64_t (*read_seek)(void *opaque, int stream_index,
int64_t timestamp, int flags);
/**
* A combination of AVIO_SEEKABLE_ flags or 0 when the stream is not seekable.
*/
int seekable;
/**
* avio_read and avio_write should if possible be satisfied directly
* instead of going through a buffer, and avio_seek will always
* call the underlying seek function directly.
*/
int direct;
/**
* ',' separated list of allowed protocols.
*/
const char *protocol_whitelist;
/**
* ',' separated list of disallowed protocols.
*/
const char *protocol_blacklist;
/**
* A callback that is used instead of write_packet.
*/
int (*write_data_type)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size,
enum AVIODataMarkerType type, int64_t time);
/**
* If set, don't call write_data_type separately for AVIO_DATA_MARKER_BOUNDARY_POINT,
* but ignore them and treat them as AVIO_DATA_MARKER_UNKNOWN (to avoid needlessly
* small chunks of data returned from the callback).
*/
int ignore_boundary_point;
#if FF_API_AVIOCONTEXT_WRITTEN
/**
* @deprecated field utilized privately by libavformat. For a public
* statistic of how many bytes were written out, see
* AVIOContext::bytes_written.
*/
attribute_deprecated
int64_t written;
#endif
/**
* Maximum reached position before a backward seek in the write buffer,
* used keeping track of already written data for a later flush.
*/
unsigned char *buf_ptr_max;
/**
* Read-only statistic of bytes read for this AVIOContext.
*/
int64_t bytes_read;
/**
* Read-only statistic of bytes written for this AVIOContext.
*/
int64_t bytes_written;
} AVIOContext;
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