文章目录
前言
一:环境准备
- VMware软件
- 1台centos7虚拟机作为master节点,IP地址:192.168.233.128,CPU核心数最低为2
- 1台centos7虚拟机作为node01节点,IP地址:192.168.233.129
- 1台centos7虚拟机作为node02节点,IP地址:192.168.233.130
二:集群部署过程
2.1:设置系统初始化
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修改三台虚拟机主机名
[root@192 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master '//相同方法修改node节点主机名为k8s-node01和node02' [root@192 ~]# su [root@k8s-master ~]#
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使三个节点可以相互关联,在master节点中配置如下
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.233.128 k8s-master 192.168.233.129 k8s-node01 192.168.233.130 k8s-node02 [root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/hosts root@k8s-node01:/etc/hosts '//将之复制到node01节点' '//期间需要输入yes和node01节点的密码' [root@k8s-master ~]# scp /etc/hosts root@k8s-node01:/etc/hosts
2.1.1:三个节点初始化系统,仅展示master节点操作
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安装依赖包
[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install -y \ > conntrack \ > ntpdate \ > ntp \ > ipvsadm \ > ipset \ > jq \ > iptables \ > curl \ > sysstat \ > libseccomp \ > wget \ > vim net-tools git
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清空防火墙规则
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld '//关闭防火墙并设置为开启不自启动' [root@k8s-master ~]# yum -y install iptables-services && systemctl start iptables && systemctl enable iptables && iptables -F && service iptables save '//安装iptables服务且开启iptables并设置为开机自启且清空iptables规则且保存iptables配置'
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关闭SELINUX和swap功能,如果pod放在swap内会降低工作效率
[root@k8s-master ~]# swapoff -a && sed -i '/swap/s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab '//关闭swap分区【虚拟内存】并且永久关闭虚拟内存。' [root@k8s-master ~]# setenforce 0 && sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config '//关闭selinux'
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调整内核参数
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat > kubernetes.conf <<EOF > net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1 '//开启网桥模式' > net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1 '//开启网桥模式' > net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 > net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0 > vm.swappiness=0 '//禁止使用swap交换空间,只有当系统OOM时才允许使用' > vm.overcommit_memory=1 '//不检查物理内存是否够用' > vm.panic_on_oom=0 '//开启OOM' > fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192 > fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576 > fs.file-max=52706963 > fs.nr_open=52706963 > net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1 '//关闭ipv6' > net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720 > EOF [root@k8s-master ~]# cp kubernetes.conf /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf '//将文件放到sysctl.d目录下,在启动时调整这些内核参数' [root@k8s-master ~]# modprobe br_netfilter [root@k8s-master ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf '//使之立即生效' 若提示:sysctl:cannot stat /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_max:没有那个文件或目录:##是因为内核版本小于4.0,稍后更新内核即可
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调整系统时区:若安装centos7时候选择的是上海则不需要更改
#设置系统时区为中国/上海 timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai #将当前的UTC时间写入硬件时钟 timedatectl set-local-rtc 0 #重启依赖于系统时间的服务 systemctl restart rsyslog systemctl restart crond
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关闭不需要的服务
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl stop postfix &&systemctl disable postfix '//关闭邮件服务且开启不自启动'
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设置日志保存方式为journald日志
'//创建journald日志保存目录和配置文件存放目录' [root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir /var/log/journal [root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d [root@k8s-master ~]# cat > /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/99-prophet.conf <<EOF > [Journal] > #持久化保存到磁盘 > Storage=persistent > > #压缩历史日志 > Compress=yes > SyncIntervalSec=5m > RatelimitInterval=30s > RatelimitBurst=1000 > > #最大占用空间10G > SystemMaxUse=10G > > #单日志文件最大200M > SystemMaxFileSize=200M > > #日志保存时间2周 > MaxRetentionSec=2week > > #不将日志转发到syslog > ForwardToSyslog=no > EOF [root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl restart systemd-journald '//重启journald'
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升级系统内核为4.4,提高k8s系统运行的稳定性
[root@k8s-master ~]# rpm -Uvh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.0-3.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm '//升级RPM包' [root@k8s-master ~]# yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install -y kernel-lt '//安装内核' [root@k8s-master ~]# grub2-set-default "CentOS Linux (4.4.213-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)" '//设置开机从新内核启动' [root@k8s-master ~]# init 6 '//重启' [root@k8s-master ~]# uname -r '//检查内核版本' 4.4.213-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
2.2:kubeadm部署安装
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kube-proxy开启ipvs的前置条件,主从都做
[root@k8s-master ~]# modprobe br_netfilter '//加载netfilter模块' '//引导模块依赖' [root@k8s-master ~]# cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF > #!/bin/bash > modprobe -- ip_vs > modprobe -- ip_vs_rr > modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr > modprobe -- ip_vs_sh > modprobe -- nf_conntrack_ipv4 > EOF [root@k8s-master ~]# chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules &&lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack_ipv4
2.2.1:docker安装,主从都做
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安装docker依赖
[root@k8s-master ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
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加载阿里云docker镜像,YUM仓库
[root@k8s-master ~]# yum-config-manager \ > --add-repo \ > http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
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更新并安装docker:时间较长
[root@k8s-master ~]# yum update -y && yum install -y docker-ce
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安装完毕重启系统
[root@k8s-master ~]# grub2-set-default "CentOS Linux (4.4.213-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)" [root@k8s-master ~]# init 6 '//如果光标不是在4.4版本上停留,一定要手动选择4.4版本'
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开启docker
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl status docker
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配置daemon
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF > { > "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"], > "log-driver": "json-file", > "log-opts": { > "max-size": "100m" > } > } > EOF [root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir ‐p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d [root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker && systemctl enable docker '//重载daemon,重启docker,开机自启docker'
2.2.2:kubeadm安装,主从都做
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导入阿里云K8Syum仓库
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo > [kubernetes] > name=Kubernetes > baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64 > enabled=1 > gpgcheck=0 > repo_ gpgcheck=0 > gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg > http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg > EOF [root@k8s-master ~]# yum -y install kubeadm-1.15.1 kubect1-1.15.1 kubelet-1.15.1
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开机自启动kubelet
[root@k8s-master ~]# systemctl enable kubelet.service
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解压kubeadm镜像
[root@k8s-master ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.11.1/ccc /mnt Password for root@//192.168.11.1/ccc: [root@k8s-master ~]# cd /mnt/kubernetes/ [root@k8s-master kubernetes]# mkdir /opt/k8s [root@k8s-master kubernetes]# tar zxvf kubeadm-basic.images.tar.gz -C /opt/k8s/
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将解压的镜像复制到node节点
[root@k8s-master kubernetes]# scp -r /opt/k8s/ root@k8s-node01:/opt/k8s [root@k8s-master kubernetes]# scp -r /opt/k8s/ root@k8s-node02:/opt/k8s
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编写一个脚本,快捷导入kubeadm
[root@k8s-master ~]# vim daoru.sh '//编辑脚本' #!/bin/bash ls /opt/k8s/kubeadm-basic.images > /opt/k.txt cd /opt/k8s/kubeadm-basic.images for i in `cat /opt/k.txt` do docker load -i $i done rm -rf /opt/k.txt [root@k8s-master ~]# chmod +x daoru.sh '//增加脚本执行权限' [root@k8s-master ~]# scp daoru.sh root@k8s-node01: '//复制到节点' [root@k8s-master ~]# scp daoru.sh root@k8s-node02: [root@k8s-master ~]# ./daoru.sh '//每个节点都执行脚本'
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初始化主节点,node节点不需要操作
[root@k8s-master ~]# cd /opt [root@k8s-master opt]# kubeadm config print init-defaults > kubeadm-config.yaml [root@k8s-master opt]# vim kubeadm-config.yaml '//12行改为当前本机IP,冒号后面要有空格' advertiseAddress: 192.168.233.128 '//34行当前版本为:v1.15.1' kubernetesVersion: v1.15.1 '//在37行下方添加pod节点网段' serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12 podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16" '//此IP地址为flannel自动分配的地址段落' '//在39行下面插入默认调度方式为:ipvs' --- apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1 kind: KubeProxyConfiguration featureGates : SupportIPVSProxyMode: true mode: ipvs
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开始初始化主节点
[root@k8s-master opt]# kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --experimental-upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log
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查看kubeadm-init.log ,并根据提示进行操作
[root@k8s-master opt]# vim kubeadm-init.log '//56、57、58行三行话要复制出来作为命令输入' mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config [root@k8s-master opt]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube [root@k8s-master opt]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config [root@k8s-master opt]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config [root@k8s-master opt]# kubectl get node '//查看节点状态' NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION k8s-master NotReady master 4m57s v1.15.1
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移动重要的文件
[root@k8s-master opt]# mkdir k-install ...省略操作,文件移动后为下方树状图 [root@k8s-master opt]# tree /opt/k-install/ /opt/k-install/ '//创建k-install目录' ├── code '//在k-install下创建code目录' │ ├── kubeadm-config.yaml '//将这两个文件移动到code目录' │ └── kubeadm-init.log └── plugin '//在k-install目录下创建plugin目录' └── flannel '//在plugin目录下创建flannel目录' 3 directories, 2 files
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下载并安装flannel组件
[root@k8s-master opt]# cd k-install/plugin/flannel/ [root@k8s-master flannel]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml [root@k8s-master flannel]# kubectl create -f kube-flannel.yml [root@k8s-master flannel]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system '//稍等会发现flannel是running状态了' [root@k8s-master flannel]# kubectl get node NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION k8s-master Ready master 162m v1.15.1 '//发现k8s是ready状态了'
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node节点操作,添加到master节点
主节点的 kubeadm-init.log中最下面有这两句话,复制到node节点中执行自动添加到主节点之中 [root@k8s-master flannel]# cd ../../code/ [root@k8s-master code]# ls kubeadm-config.yaml kubeadm-init.log [root@k8s-master code]# vim kubeadm-init.log kubeadm join 192.168.233.128:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:fb07c549867486b9dc43dd6f00267f335ff250978476e9d177b43ce1e450c375 '//将这两句话复制到node节点直接执行' [root@k8s-master code]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide '//查看更详细的信息' [root@k8s-master code]# kubectl get pod -n kube-system -w '//监控状态' '//其他省略,这俩正在初始化,我们监控,等到他running' kube-flannel-ds-amd64-cvg8v 0/1 Init:0/1 0 2m35s kube-flannel-ds-amd64-k69bq 0/1 Init:0/1 0 2m38s [root@k8s-master code]# kubectl get node k8s-master Ready master 162m v1.15.1 k8s-node01 Ready node 162m v1.15.1 k8s-node02 Ready node 162m v1.15.1
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集群搭建成功
2.3:实验结束,集群搭建成功
[root@k8s-master code]# kubectl get node
k8s-master Ready master 162m v1.15.1
k8s-node01 Ready node 162m v1.15.1
k8s-node02 Ready node 162m v1.15.1