证明1:当 g c d ( a , b ) = 1 , 时 g c d ( a , a − b ) = 1 gcd(a,b)=1,时gcd(a,a-b)=1 gcd(a,b)=1,时gcd(a,a−b)=1
反证法证明:
假设
g
c
d
(
a
,
b
)
=
1
,
则
令
d
=
g
c
d
(
a
,
a
−
b
)
>
1
gcd(a,b)=1,则令d=gcd(a,a-b)>1
gcd(a,b)=1,则令d=gcd(a,a−b)>1
根据最大公约数的性质,
d
∣
a
且
d
∣
(
a
−
b
)
d\mid a且d\mid(a-b)
d∣a且d∣(a−b)
令
a
=
p
d
,
a
−
b
=
q
d
令a=pd,a-b=qd
令a=pd,a−b=qd
又
a
−
b
=
p
d
−
b
又a-b=pd-b
又a−b=pd−b
∴
p
d
−
b
=
q
d
\therefore pd-b=qd
∴pd−b=qd
∴
b
=
(
p
−
q
)
d
\therefore b=(p-q)d
∴b=(p−q)d
∴
d
∣
b
\therefore d\mid b
∴d∣b
又
d
∣
a
d\mid a
d∣a因此d是a,b的公约数,显然与
g
c
d
(
a
,
b
)
=
1
gcd(a,b)=1
gcd(a,b)=1的条件相矛盾,假设错误,因此gcd(a,a-b)=1,证毕!
g
c
d
(
a
,
a
+
b
)
=
1
gcd(a,a+b)=1
gcd(a,a+b)=1同理证明!
证明2: g c d ( a , b ) = g c d ( a , a − b ) gcd(a,b)=gcd(a,a-b) gcd(a,b)=gcd(a,a−b)
令
d
=
g
c
d
(
a
,
b
)
,
d=gcd(a,b),
d=gcd(a,b),
则根据最大公约数的性质,有
a
=
p
d
,
b
=
q
d
,
且
g
c
d
(
p
,
q
)
=
1
a=pd,b=qd,且gcd(p,q)=1
a=pd,b=qd,且gcd(p,q)=1
g
c
d
(
a
,
a
−
b
)
=
g
c
d
(
p
d
,
p
d
−
q
d
)
=
d
∗
g
c
d
(
p
,
p
−
q
)
=
d
gcd(a,a-b)=gcd(pd, pd-qd)=d*gcd(p,p-q)=d
gcd(a,a−b)=gcd(pd,pd−qd)=d∗gcd(p,p−q)=d
∴
g
c
d
(
a
,
b
)
=
g
c
d
(
a
,
a
−
b
)
\therefore gcd(a,b)=gcd(a,a-b)
∴gcd(a,b)=gcd(a,a−b)
g
c
d
(
a
,
b
)
=
g
c
d
(
a
,
a
+
b
)
gcd(a,b)=gcd(a,a+b)
gcd(a,b)=gcd(a,a+b)同理证明!