什么是DBUtils及作用
DBUtils是java编程中的数据库操作实用工具,小巧简单实用。
DBUtils封装了对JDBC的操作,简化了JDBC操作。可以少写代码。
1.对于数据表的读操作,他可以把结果转换成List,Array,Set等java集合,便于程序员操作;
2.对于数据表的写操作,也变得很简单(只需写sql语句)
3.可以使用数据源,使用JNDI,数据库连接池等技术来优化性能--重用已经构建好的数据库连接对象
DBUtils的三个核心对象
> QueryRunner类(提供了增删改查的方法)
QueryRunner中提供对sql语句操作的API.
它主要有三个方法
query() 用于执行select
update() 用于执行insert update delete
batch() 批处理
构造方法:
> new QueryRunner();
它的事务可以手动控制。
也就是说此对象调用的方法(如:query、update、batrch)参数中要有Connection对象。
> new QueryRunner(DataSource ds);它的事务是自动控制的。一个sql一个事务。
此对象调用的方法(如:query、update、batrch)参数中无需Connection对象。
方法:
>ResultSetHandler接口(处理结果)
用于定义select操作后,怎样封装结果集.
ResultSetHandler下的所有结果处理器:
//ArrayHandler:适合取1条记录。把该条记录的每列值封装到一个数组中Object[]
//ArrayListHandler:适合取多条记录。把每条记录的每列值封装到一个数组中Object[],把数组封装到一个List中
//ColumnListHandler:取某一列的数据。封装到List中。
//KeyedHandler:取多条记录,每一条记录封装到一个Map中,再把这个Map封装到另外一个Map中,key为指定的字段值。
//MapHandler:适合取1条记录。把当前记录的列名和列值放到一个Map中
//MapListHandler:适合取多条记录。把每条记录封装到一个Map中,再把Map封装到List中
//ScalarHandler:适合取单行单列数据
BeanHandler
BeanListHandler
> DBUtils类(关闭资源与事务的操作)
它就是一个工具类,定义了关闭资源与事务处理的方法
DBUtils快速入门
> 导入jar包
> 创建QueryRunner对象
> 使用query方法执行select语句
> 使用ResultSetHandler封装结果集
> 使用DbUtils类释放资源
实现步骤:
CREATE DATABASE day14;
USE day14;
create table account(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varcar(50),
money float
);
insert into account(name,money) values('aaa',1000);
insert into account(name,money) values('bbb',1000);
insert into account(name,money) values('ccc',1000);
SELECT * FROM account;
导入jar包:commons-dbutils-1.4.jar
//创建QueryRunner对象
//使用query方法执行select语句
//使用ResultSetHandler封装结果集
//使用DbUtils类释放资源
C3P0Utils:
package com.hcx.util;
import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
public class C3P0Util {
//得到一个数据源
private static DataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
public static DataSource getDataSource() {
return dataSource;
}
//从数据源中得到一个连接对象
public static Connection getConnection(){
try {
return dataSource.getConnection();
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("服务器错误");
}
}
public static void release(Connection conn,Statement stmt,ResultSet rs){
//关闭资源
if(rs!=null){
try {
rs.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
rs = null;
}
if(stmt!=null){
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
stmt = null;
}
if(conn!=null){
try {
conn.close();//关闭
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
conn = null;
}
}
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<c3p0-config>
<default-config>
<property name="driverClass">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="jdbcUrl">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day06</property>
<property name="user">root</property>
<property name="password">abc</property>
<property name="initialPoolSize">10</property>
<property name="maxIdleTime">30</property>
<property name="maxPoolSize">100</property>
<property name="minPoolSize">10</property>
</default-config>
</c3p0-config>
User:
package com.hcx.entity;
import java.util.Date;
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String password;
private String email;
private Date birthday;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", password=" + password
+ ", email=" + email + ", birthday=" + birthday + "]";
}
}
package com.hcx.util;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.ResultSetHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.hcx.entity.User;
import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.ARRAYLENGTH;
public class TestSelect {
@Test
public void testSelect() throws SQLException{
//创建一个QueryRunner对象
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
List<User> list = qr.query("select * from users", new ResultSetHandler<List<User>>(){
//当query方法执行select语句后,将结果集以参数的形式传递过来
public List<User> handle(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
while(rs.next()){
User u = new User();
u.setId(rs.getInt(1));
u.setName(rs.getString(2));
u.setPassword(rs.getString(3));
u.setEmail(rs.getString(4));
u.setBirthday(rs.getDate(5));
list.add(u);
}
return list;
}
});
for (User user : list) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
@Test
public void testSelect2() throws SQLException{
//创建一个QueryRunner对象
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
//执行查询语句,并返回结果
List<User> list = qr.query("select * from users where id=? and username=?", new BeanListHandler<User>(User.class),8,"jerry");
//把结果集封装到了user中
for (User user : list) {
System.out.println(user);
}
}
}
TestCRUD:
package com.hcx.util;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.Date;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.junit.Test;
public class TestCRUD {
@Test
public void testInsert() throws SQLException{
//创建一个QueryRunner对象
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
//执行sql语句
qr.update("insert into users(username,password,email,birthday) values(?,?,?,?)", "菜10","123","c10@163.com",new Date());
}
@Test
public void testUpdate() throws SQLException{
//创建一个QueryRunner对象
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
qr.update("update users set username=?,password=? where id=?", "周杰杰","333",15);
}
@Test
public void testDelete() throws SQLException{
//创建一个QueryRunner对象
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
qr.update("delete from users where id=?", 15);
}
@Test//批处理,只能执行相同的sql语句
public void testBatch() throws SQLException{
//创建一个QueryRunner对象
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
Object[][] params = new Object[10][];//高维代表执行多少次sql语句
for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
params[i] = new Object[]{"菜10"+i,"123","c10@163.com",new Date()};//给每次执行的sql语句中的?赋值
}
qr.batch("insert into users(username,password,email,birthday) values(?,?,?,?)", params );
}
}
TestResultSetHandler:
package com.hcx.util;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ArrayListHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ColumnListHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.KeyedHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.MapListHandler;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.ScalarHandler;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.hcx.entity.User;
public class TestResultSetHandler {
@Test//ArrayHandler:适合取1条记录。把该条记录的每列值封装到一个数组中Object[]
public void tese1() throws SQLException{
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
Object[] arr = qr.query("select * from users", new ArrayHandler());
for (Object o : arr) {
System.out.println(o);
}
}
@Test//ArrayListHandler:适合取多条记录。把每条记录的每列值封装到一个数组中Object[],把数组封装到一个List中
public void tese2() throws SQLException{
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
List<Object[]> query = qr.query("select * from users", new ArrayListHandler());
for (Object[] os : query) {
for (Object o : os) {
System.out.println(o);
}
System.out.println("--------------");
}
}
@Test //ColumnListHandler:取某一列的数据。封装到List中。
public void tese3() throws SQLException{
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
List<Object> list = qr.query("select username,password from users", new ColumnListHandler(1));
for (Object o : list) {
System.out.println(o);
}
}
@Test //KeyedHandler:取多条记录,每一条记录封装到一个Map中,再把这个Map封装到另外一个Map中,key为指定的字段值。
public void tese4() throws SQLException{
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
//大Map的key是表中的某列数据,小Map中的key是表的列名,所以大Map的key是Object类型,小Map的key是String类型
Map<Object,Map<String,Object>> map = qr.query("select * from users", new KeyedHandler(1));
for (Map.Entry<Object, Map<String,Object>> m : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(m.getKey());//大Map中key值就是id列的值
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> mm : m.getValue().entrySet()) {
System.out.println(mm.getKey()+"\t"+mm.getValue());//取出小Map中的列名和列值
}
System.out.println("---------------------");
}
}
@Test//MapHandler:适合取1条记录。把当前记录的列名和列值放到一个Map中
public void tese5() throws SQLException{
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
Map<String,Object> map = qr.query("select * from users where id=?", new MapHandler(),20);
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> m : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(m.getKey()+"\t"+m.getValue());
}
}
@Test//MapListHandler:适合取多条记录。把每条记录封装到一个Map中,再把Map封装到List中
public void tese6() throws SQLException{
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
List<Map<String,Object>> list = qr.query("select * from users", new MapListHandler());
for (Map<String, Object> map : list) {
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> m : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println(m.getKey()+"\t"+m.getValue());
}
System.out.println("---------------");
}
}
@Test //ScalarHandler:适合取单行单列数据
public void tese7() throws SQLException{
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
Object o = qr.query("select count(*) from users", new ScalarHandler(1));
System.out.println(o.getClass().getName());
}
@Test //BeanHandler:适合取单行单列数据
public void tese8() throws SQLException{
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
User user = qr.query("select * from users where id=?", new BeanHandler<User>(User.class),1);
System.out.println(user);
}
@Test //BeanListHandler
public void tese9() throws SQLException{
QueryRunner qr = new QueryRunner(C3P0Util.getDataSource());
List<User> list = qr.query("select * from users where id=?", new BeanListHandler<User>(User.class),1);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
KeyedHandler: