Spring-依赖注入的三种主要方式

前置:

BeanService.java:

public interface BeanService {
    void injection();
}

BeanServiceImpl.java:

public class BeanServiceImpl implements BeanService {

    private int id;
    private String name;

    public BeanServiceImpl(){
        System.out.println("调用无参构造实例化");
    }

    public BeanServiceImpl(int id, String name){
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        System.out.println("调用全参构造实例化");
    }


    public void setId(int id) {
        System.out.println("调用set方法注入id");
        this.id = id;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        System.out.println("调用set方法注入name");
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void injection() {
        System.out.println("[id:" + this.id + ", name:" + this.name+"]");
    }

}

Ⅰ.构造函数注入

beans.xml:

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
           
    <bean id="beanService" class="BeanServiceImpl">
        <constructor-arg name="id" value="1"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg name="name" value="张三"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

</beans>

测试类:

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
        
        BeanService beanService = (BeanService) ac.getBean("beanService");
        
        beanService.injection();
    }

}

结果:

调用全参构造实例化
[id:1, name:张三]

Ⅱ.set方法注入

beans.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
               xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
               xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="beanService" class="BeanServiceImpl">
        <property name="id" value="1"></property>
        <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
    </bean>

</beans>

结果:

调用无参构造实例化
调用set方法注入id
调用set方法注入name
[id:1, name:张三]

Ⅱ.注解注入

Configuration.java

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

@org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
public class Configuration {

    @Bean
    public BeanService bean() {
        return new BeanServiceImpl(1,"张三");
    }

}

测试类:

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class Main {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(Configuration.class);

        BeanService beanService = (BeanService) ac.getBean("bean");

        beanService.injection();
    }

}

结果:

调用全参构造实例化
[id:1, name:张三]