Elasticsearch学习---Doc_values应用介绍

前言

大多数字段在默认情况下都有索引，这使得它们可以被搜索，而ES对文档字段内容进行分词处理，然后通过建立倒排索引的方式对分词进行搜索。

然而如果需要对文档进行排序、聚合或者使用脚本语句时，那么使用倒排索引就无法完成了，因为我们不需要通过分词找到文档，而是需要通过文档找到其中包含的分词信息。

Doc_values

Doc_values是在文档索引时构建的磁盘数据结构，更好的支持排序、聚合以及脚本等使用需求。它们存储与_source相同的值，但以面向列的方式存储，这对于排序和聚合来说更高效。几乎所有字段类型都支持Doc值，除了text和annotated_text字段。

所有支持文档值的字段都默认启用。如果你确定你不需要对字段进行排序或聚合，或者从脚本中访问字段值，你可以禁用文档值以节省磁盘空间。

案例演示

建立以个索引，其中age字段，设置 “doc_values”: false

PUT /emp/
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "name":{
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "age":{
        "type": "integer",
        "doc_values": false
      }
    }
  }
}

插入3条文档数据

PUT /emp/_doc/1
{
  "name":"zhang san",
  "age":18
}

PUT /emp/_doc/2
{
  "name":"li si",
  "age":20
}

PUT /emp/_doc/3
{
  "name":"wang wu",
  "age":22
}

查看全部文档内容

{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 3,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "emp",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "zhang san",
          "age" : 18
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "emp",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "li si",
          "age" : 20
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "emp",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wang wu",
          "age" : 22
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

尝试对age进行聚合查询

GET /emp/_search
{
  "aggs": {
    "age_bucket": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "age"
      }
    }
  }
}

出现错误

{
  "error" : {
    "root_cause" : [
      {
        "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
        "reason" : "Can't load fielddata on [age] because fielddata is unsupported on fields of type [integer]. Use doc values instead."
      }
    ],
    "type" : "search_phase_execution_exception",
    "reason" : "all shards failed",
    "phase" : "query",
    "grouped" : true,
    "failed_shards" : [
      {
        "shard" : 0,
        "index" : "emp",
        "node" : "8XpIzmvZSwqoag95T5e_yg",
        "reason" : {
          "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
          "reason" : "Can't load fielddata on [age] because fielddata is unsupported on fields of type [integer]. Use doc values instead."
        }
      }
    ],
    "caused_by" : {
      "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
      "reason" : "Can't load fielddata on [age] because fielddata is unsupported on fields of type [integer]. Use doc values instead.",
      "caused_by" : {
        "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
        "reason" : "Can't load fielddata on [age] because fielddata is unsupported on fields of type [integer]. Use doc values instead."
      }
    }
  },
  "status" : 400
}

但并不影响普通的查询

GET /emp/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "age": "18"
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 1,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "emp",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "zhang san",
          "age" : 18
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

当然对于没有设置doc_values字段的name来说，默认为true，因此是支持聚合查询的

GET /emp/_search
{
  "aggs": {
    "name_bucket": {
      "terms": {
        "field": "name"
      }
    }
  }
}

正常返回结果

{
  "took" : 0,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
    "total" : {
      "value" : 3,
      "relation" : "eq"
    },
    "max_score" : 1.0,
    "hits" : [
      {
        "_index" : "emp",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "1",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "zhang san",
          "age" : 18
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "emp",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "2",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "li si",
          "age" : 20
        }
      },
      {
        "_index" : "emp",
        "_type" : "_doc",
        "_id" : "3",
        "_score" : 1.0,
        "_source" : {
          "name" : "wang wu",
          "age" : 22
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "aggregations" : {
    "name_bucket" : {
      "doc_count_error_upper_bound" : 0,
      "sum_other_doc_count" : 0,
      "buckets" : [
        {
          "key" : "li si",
          "doc_count" : 1
        },
        {
          "key" : "wang wu",
          "doc_count" : 1
        },
        {
          "key" : "zhang san",
          "doc_count" : 1
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

同样也不支持排序

GET /emp/_search
{
  "sort": [
    {
      "age": {
        "order": "desc"
      }
    }
  ]
}

{
  "error" : {
    "root_cause" : [
      {
        "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
        "reason" : "Can't load fielddata on [age] because fielddata is unsupported on fields of type [integer]. Use doc values instead."
      }
    ],
    "type" : "search_phase_execution_exception",
    "reason" : "all shards failed",
    "phase" : "query",
    "grouped" : true,
    "failed_shards" : [
      {
        "shard" : 0,
        "index" : "emp",
        "node" : "8XpIzmvZSwqoag95T5e_yg",
        "reason" : {
          "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
          "reason" : "Can't load fielddata on [age] because fielddata is unsupported on fields of type [integer]. Use doc values instead."
        }
      }
    ],
    "caused_by" : {
      "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
      "reason" : "Can't load fielddata on [age] because fielddata is unsupported on fields of type [integer]. Use doc values instead.",
      "caused_by" : {
        "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
        "reason" : "Can't load fielddata on [age] because fielddata is unsupported on fields of type [integer]. Use doc values instead."
      }
    }
  },
  "status" : 400
}