ES索引、文档、Mapping的基本增删改查

索引

创建索引

PUT /my-index

{
  "acknowledged" : true,
  "shards_acknowledged" : true,
  "index" : "my-index"
}

查询

GET /my-index

{
  "my-index" : {
    "aliases" : { },
    "mappings" : { },
    "settings" : {
      "index" : {
        "routing" : {
          "allocation" : {
            "include" : {
              "_tier_preference" : "data_content"
            }
          }
        },
        "number_of_shards" : "1",
        "provided_name" : "my-index",
        "creation_date" : "1640305241457",
        "number_of_replicas" : "1",
        "uuid" : "PsyhBuKgTAmToCTaKx0uaA",
        "version" : {
          "created" : "7120199"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

查询所有索引

GET _cat/indices?v

删除

DELETE /my-index

{
  "acknowledged" : true
}

修改

修改副本数量为2

PUT /my-index/_settings
{
  "index":{
    "number_of_replicas":2
  }
}

{
  "acknowledged" : true
}

索引的分片数量不能修改

PUT /my-index/_settings
{
  "index":{
    "number_of_shards":3
  }
}

{
  "error" : {
    "root_cause" : [
      {
        "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
        "reason" : "Can't update non dynamic settings [[index.number_of_shards]] for open indices [[my-index/3z9GSoClTUiMPUMwwoiUGw]]"
      }
    ],
    "type" : "illegal_argument_exception",
    "reason" : "Can't update non dynamic settings [[index.number_of_shards]] for open indices [[my-index/3z9GSoClTUiMPUMwwoiUGw]]"
  },
  "status" : 400
}

文档

新增文档数据

POST my-index/_doc/
{
  "user":"king",
  "birthday":"2000-01-01 01:00:00",
  "weight":50
}

{
  "_index" : "my-index",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "ldZI_H0BLiE92xTEGxY6",
  "_version" : 1,
  "result" : "created",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 0,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

post的时候没有指定id，所以随机生成了一个ldZI_H0BLiE92xTEGxY6

指定id

POST my-index/_doc/1
{
  "user":"ken",
  "birthday":"2000-02-01 01:00:00",
  "weight":100
}

查询

GET /my-index/_doc/1

{
  "_index" : "my-index",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 1,
  "_seq_no" : 1,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "user" : "ken",
    "birthday" : "2000-02-01 01:00:00",
    "weight" : 100
  }
}

更新文档数据

修改和新增是同一个API，如果根据id查询到，则会用新的数据覆盖原有的

POST my-index/_doc/1
{
  "user":"ken",
  "birthday":"2001-02-01 01:00:00",
  "weight":150
}

result结果为updated

{
  "_index" : "my-index",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 2,
  "result" : "updated",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 2,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

文档已经被修改

{
  "_index" : "my-index",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 2,
  "_seq_no" : 2,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "user" : "ken",
    "birthday" : "2001-02-01 01:00:00",
    "weight" : 150
  }
}

这里需要特别注意，如果请求体中的字段比原来的少，那么会删除原有的字段

POST my-index/_doc/1
{
  "birthday":"2002-02-01 01:00:00",
  "weight":120
}

{
  "_index" : "my-index",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 5,
  "result" : "updated",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 5,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

当你再查询时，发现user字段已经没了

{
  "_index" : "my-index",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 5,
  "_seq_no" : 5,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "birthday" : "2002-02-01 01:00:00",
    "weight" : 120
  }
}

使用_update更新

所以，如果你只想修改某一个特定的字段，还可以用_update的方式

POST my-index/_update/1
{
  "doc": {
    "weight":200
  }
}

{
  "_index" : "my-index",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 9,
  "result" : "updated",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 9,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

查询结果

{
  "_index" : "my-index",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 9,
  "_seq_no" : 9,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "birthday" : "2002-02-01 01:00:00",
    "weight" : 200
  }
}

如果字段不存在，则会自动为其添加

POST my-index/_update/1
{
  "doc": {
    "user":"tom",
    "birthday":"2008-02-01 01:00:00"
  }
}

查询结果

{
  "_index" : "my-index",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 10,
  "_seq_no" : 10,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "birthday" : "2008-02-01 01:00:00",
    "weight" : 200,
    "user" : "tom"
  }
}

使用脚本更新

插入一条数据

POST my-index/_doc/1
{
  "user":"ken",
  "birthday":"2001-02-01 01:00:00",
  "weight":150
}

更新

POST my-index/_update/1
{
  "script": {
    "source": "ctx._source.weight += params.weight",
    "lang": "painless",
    "params": {
      "weight":20
    }
  }
}

查询结果

{
  "_index" : "my-index",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 2,
  "_seq_no" : 23,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "user" : "ken",
    "birthday" : "2001-02-01 01:00:00",
    "weight" : 170
  }
}

根据条件更新

POST my-index/_doc/2
{
  "user":"king",
  "birthday":"2001-03-01 01:00:00",
  "weight":100
}

执行_update_by_query

POST my-index/_update_by_query
{
  "script": {
    "source": "ctx._source.weight += 100",
    "lang": "painless"
  },
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "user": "king"
    }
  }
}

查询结果

{
  "_index" : "my-index",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "2",
  "_version" : 2,
  "_seq_no" : 24,
  "_primary_term" : 1,
  "found" : true,
  "_source" : {
    "birthday" : "2001-03-01 01:00:00",
    "weight" : 200,
    "user" : "king"
  }
}

删除

DELETE my-index/_doc/1

{
  "_index" : "my-index",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "_version" : 11,
  "result" : "deleted",
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 2,
    "successful" : 1,
    "failed" : 0
  },
  "_seq_no" : 11,
  "_primary_term" : 1
}

GET /my-index/_doc/1

{
  "_index" : "my-index",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1",
  "found" : false
}

根据条件删除

插入两条数据

POST my-index/_doc/1
{
  "user":"king",
  "birthday":"2001-02-01 01:00:00",
  "weight":150
}

POST my-index/_doc/2
{
  "user":"king",
  "birthday":"2001-03-01 01:00:00",
  "weight":100
}

执行_delete_by_query

POST my-index/_delete_by_query
{
  "query":{
    "match":{
      "user":"ken"
    }
  }
}

{
  "took" : 3,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "total" : 2,
  "deleted" : 2,
  "batches" : 1,
  "version_conflicts" : 0,
  "noops" : 0,
  "retries" : {
    "bulk" : 0,
    "search" : 0
  },
  "throttled_millis" : 0,
  "requests_per_second" : -1.0,
  "throttled_until_millis" : 0,
  "failures" : [ ]
}

Mapping

创建

在创建索引的时候创建Mapping

PUT /my-index
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "age":{
        "type": "integer"
      },
      "name":{
        "type": "text"
      },
      "email":{
        "type": "keyword"
      }
    }
  }
}

也可以使用_mapping的方式，为my-index新增一个属性

PUT my-index/_mapping
{
  "properties":{
    "phone":{
      "type":"keyword"
    }
  }
}

查询mapping信息

查询mapping信息

GET my-index/_mapping

查询结果

{
  "my-index" : {
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "age" : {
          "type" : "integer"
        },
        "email" : {
          "type" : "keyword"
        },
        "name" : {
          "type" : "text"
        },
        "phone" : {
          "type" : "keyword"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

只查看指定的属性

GET my-index/_mapping/field/phone

{
  "my-index" : {
    "mappings" : {
      "phone" : {
        "full_name" : "phone",
        "mapping" : {
          "phone" : {
            "type" : "keyword"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

修改

mapping一旦创建后就不能修改映射关系或是字段类型。