opencv学习（二）计算图像的直方图和表示为柱状图

1.直方图：直方图是一个简单的表，它给出了一幅图像或者一组图像中拥有给定数值的像素数量，因此，灰度图像的直方图有256个条目（或称为容器），0号容器给出像素值为0的像素个数、1号容器给出……；对直方图的所有项求和会得到像素的总数；直方图也可以归一化，归一化后所有项的和为1，每一项就成为了比例。

2.

//计算图像的直方图和表示为柱状图
#include<opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

class Histogram1D{
private:
    int histSize[1];     //直方图项的数量
    float hranges[2];    //像素的最大值和最小值
    const float* ranges[1];
    int channels[1];  //仅用到一个通道
public:
    Histogram1D(){
        //准备1D直方图的参数
        histSize[0] = 256;
        hranges[0] = 0.0;
        hranges[1] = 255.0;
        ranges[0] = hranges;
        channels[0] = 0;  //默认情况考察0号通道
    }

    MatND getHistogram(const Mat image){
        MatND hist;
        calcHist(&image, 1, channels, Mat(), hist, 1, histSize, ranges);

        return hist;
    }

    Mat getHistogramImage(const Mat &image){
        MatND hist = getHistogram(image);   //首先计算直方图
        double maxVal = 0;
        double minVal = 0;
        minMaxLoc(hist, &minVal, &maxVal, 0, 0);
        Mat histImg(histSize[0], histSize[0], CV_8U, Scalar(255));

        int hpt = static_cast<int>(0.9*histSize[0]);
        for (int h = 0; h < histSize[0]; h++){
            float binVal = hist.at<float>(h);
            int intensity = static_cast<int>(binVal*hpt/maxVal);
            line(histImg, Point(h, histSize[0]), Point(h, histSize[0] - intensity), Scalar::all(0));
        }
        return histImg;

    }
};

int main()
{
    /*Mat image = imread("lifehappy.png",0);
    Histogram1D h;
    MatND histo = h.getHistogram(image);//计算直方图
    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++){
        cout << "Value" << i << "=" << histo.at<float>(i) << endl;
    }
    waitKey(20150901);
    system("pause");
    return 0;*/

    Mat image = imread("lifehappy.png",0);
    Histogram1D h;
    namedWindow("Histogram");
    imshow("Histogram",h.getHistogramImage(image));
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}