C++与Python之间跨进程通信(socket实现)
1.引言
之前写过一篇Python调用C++程序的实现方法,这里相反,希望使用Python协助C++完成某些任务。一种解决思路为实现RPC调用,使用C++端(以下称客户端)发送数据,Python端(以下称服务端)处理数据并返回的方法,进一步来说,转换为C++与Python之间通信的问题。
2.实现思路
因为客户端可能希望使用的函数多种多样,这里为了保证灵活,服务端与客户端均写成框架的形式(取名CPhone),在实际使用的过程中,可以方便服务端即时自定义函数,客户端灵活调用。服务端文件结构如下:
包CPhone为服务器框架,在实际使用的时候只需编写test.py文件中的内容(定义函数)即可。
客户端:
使用的时候,通过callPyFun()
函数调用即可。
为了统一数据格式,在服务端使用numpy的ndarray数据类型,在客户端使用opencv的mat数据类型。
3. 具体代码
(1)Python服务端
CPhone/__init__.py
:
import numpy as np
import socket
from datetime import datetime
from threading import Thread
import time
import os
from operator import methodcaller
class CPhone:
def __init__(self):
self.g_conn_pool = []
self.server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.thread = Thread(target=self._accept_client) #主线程
self.thread.setDaemon(True)
def run(self,ip="localhost",port=8888,max_n=0):
self.server.bind((ip, port))
self.server.listen(max_n)
self.thread.start()
log = """--------------------------\n--------------------------
%s\t\n(ip=%s,port=%d)\n\tstart listening...
"""% (str(datetime.now()), ip, port)
if os.path.exists('./log.txt'):
with open('./log.txt','a',encoding='utf-8') as fo:
fo.write(log)
else:
with open('./log.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as fo:
fo.write(log)
print(log)
while True:
cmd = input("""--------------------------
输入1:查看当前在线人数
输入0:关闭服务器
--------------------------
""")
if cmd == '1':
print("--------------------------")
print("当前在线人数:\n", len(self.g_conn_pool))
elif cmd == '0':
exit()
def _data_handle(self,client,address): #此函数主要用于解析数据,调用函数处理,并将结构序列化为字符串
func_name,mat = self._recvall(client)
#cv2.imwrite('xx.jpg', mat)
return_data = methodcaller(func_name,mat)(self)
shape_str = [str(i) for i in return_data.shape]
shape_str = ','.join(shape_str)
data_str = str(return_data.reshape(-1).tolist()).replace(' ', '').replace('[', ',').replace(']', ',')
shape_str = ',%s,%d,' % (shape_str, len(data_str))
self._sendall(client, shape_str, data_str)
time.sleep(2)
client.close()
self.g_conn_pool.remove(client)
log = ('%s\t用户(ip:%s port:%d)\t已下线\n'% (str(datetime.now()),address[0], address[1]))
with open('./log.txt', 'a',encoding='utf-8') as fo:
fo.write(log)
print(log)
'''
为了解决C++栈溢出的问题,在发送和接受数据的时候均循环传输。
发送数据时先发送头信息,主要储存数据的shape,调用的函数名等。
'''
def _recvall(self,sock):
header = sock.recv(20)
header = str(header).split('\\',1)[0].replace("b'",'')
func_name,channels,height,width = header.split(',')
channels,height,width = int(channels),int(height),int(width)
count = channels*height*width
buf = b''
while count:
newbuf = sock.recv(count)
if not newbuf: return None
buf += newbuf
count -= len(newbuf)
data = np.frombuffer(buf, dtype='uint8')
mat = data.reshape(height, width, channels)
return func_name,mat
def _sendall(self,sock,header_str,data_str):
sock.send(bytes(header_str, encoding="ascii"))
data_bt = bytes(data_str, encoding="ascii")
total = len(data_str)
sended = 0
while sended<total:
send = min(total-sended,128*128*3)
sock.send(data_bt[sended:sended+send])
sended += send
def _accept_client(self): #此函数用于接收客户端的链接请求,并为其开启一个线程
while True:
client, address = self.server.accept() # 阻塞,等待客户端连接
# 加入连接池
self.g_conn_pool.append(client)
log = ('%s\t用户(ip:%s port:%d)\t已上线\n' % (str(datetime.now()), address[0], address[1]))
with open('./log.txt','a',encoding='utf-8') as fo:
fo.write(log)
print(log)
# 给每个客户端创建一个独立的线程进行管理
thread = Thread(target=self._data_handle, args=(client,address))
# 设置成守护线程
thread.setDaemon(True)
thread.start()
实际使用过程中,需进行如下操作
test.py
:
from CPhone import CPhone
import numpy as np
import torchvision.transforms as transforms
class MyCPhone(CPhone): #继承CPhone
def normalize(self,mat): #这里定义一个归一化函数测试
transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize(
mean=np.array([0.5, 0.5, 0.5]),
std=np.array([0.5, 0.5, 0.5])),
])
remat = transform(mat).numpy()
return remat
def mean(self,mat): #这里定义一个求均值函数测试
remat = np.mean(mat)
remat = np.array([remat])
return remat
if __name__ == '__main__':
test = MyCPhone()
test.run() #开启服务
(2)C++客户端
client.cpp
:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <Winsock2.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
#include <iostream>
#include <opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#define BuffSize 1024
#define MaxReceive 256*256*3
class CPhone
{
private:
WORD wVersionRequested;
WSADATA wsaData;
int err;
SOCKET sockClient;
SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;
int sec;
public:
CPhone(const char*,int);
cv::Mat callPyFun(const char*, cv::Mat);
cv::Mat createMatFromImage(const char*);
};
CPhone::CPhone(const char* ip="127.0.0.1",int port=8888)
{
this->wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(1, 1);
this->err = WSAStartup(this->wVersionRequested, &(this->wsaData));
if (this->err != 0) {
throw "error!";
}
if (LOBYTE(this->wsaData.wVersion) != 1 ||
HIBYTE(this->wsaData.wVersion) != 1) {
WSACleanup();
throw "error!";
}
this->sockClient = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
this->addrSrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr(ip);
this->addrSrv.sin_family = AF_INET;
this->addrSrv.sin_port = htons(port);
this->sec = connect(this->sockClient, (SOCKADDR*)&this->addrSrv, sizeof(SOCKADDR));
if (SOCKET_ERROR == this->sec)
{
throw "error!";
}
}
cv::Mat CPhone::callPyFun(const char* funName, cv::Mat mat)
{
char* pos = (char*)mat.data;
int colByte = mat.cols * mat.channels() * sizeof(uchar);
//cout << mat.size[0];
char header[30];
//memcpy(header, &data[], 15); //buf为储存复制内容的目标数组,sed 为字节数
sprintf(header, "%s,%d,%d,%d",funName,mat.channels(),mat.size[0],mat.size[1]);
send(this->sockClient, header, 30, 0);
for (int i = 0; i < mat.rows; i++)
{
char* data = (char*)mat.ptr<uchar>(i); //第i行首地址
int sedNum = 0;
char buf[BuffSize] = { 0 };
//按行拆分,发送数据
while (sedNum < colByte)
{
int sed = BuffSize<(colByte - sedNum)?BuffSize: (colByte - sedNum);
memcpy(buf, &data[sedNum], sed); //buf为储存复制内容的目标数组,sed 为字节数
int SendSize = send(this->sockClient, buf, sed, 0);
if (SOCKET_ERROR == SendSize)
{
cv::Mat mat;
return mat;
}
/*else
cout << SendSize << endl;*/
sedNum += SendSize;
}
}
char shape_str[40]; //收到的shape的字符串
int ns1 = recv(this->sockClient, shape_str,40, 0); //收到的字符串的长度
shape_str[ns1] = '\0';
int shape[6] = {0,0,0,0,0,0}; //shape的值
char temp_num[40]; //当前储存的数字字符
int isnum = 0; //当前储存了几个字符
for (int i = 0; i < ns1; i++)
{
if (shape_str[i]==',')
{
if (isnum) // 已经储存了字符
{
temp_num[isnum] = '\0';
shape[shape[0]+1] = atoi(temp_num);
shape[0]++;
isnum = 0;
}
else //开始的时候没有储存字符
{
continue;
}
}
else //数字字符
{
temp_num[isnum] = shape_str[i];
isnum++;
}
}
int n_num = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < shape[0]-1; i++)
{
n_num *= shape[i + 1];
}
int str_len = shape[shape[0]];
std::vector<double> vet;
isnum = 0; //已经储存的字符
int ns2;
while (str_len > 0) //循环接收
{
char* recvBuf = new char[MaxReceive];//收到的数据
ns2 = recv(this->sockClient, recvBuf, MaxReceive, 0); //返回字符串的长度
str_len -= ns2;
recvBuf[ns2] = '\0';
for (int i = 0; i < ns2; i++)
{
if (recvBuf[i] == ',') //如果遇到','
{
if (isnum) //如果已经储存了字符
{
temp_num[isnum] = '\0';
vet.push_back(atof(temp_num));
isnum = 0;
}
else //此时为开始的时候
{
continue;
}
}
else
{
temp_num[isnum] = recvBuf[i];
isnum++;
}
}
}
cv::Mat return_mat = cv::Mat(vet,true);
switch (shape[0]-1)
{
case 1:
return return_mat.reshape(shape[1]).clone();
break;
case 2:
return return_mat.reshape(shape[1],shape[2]).clone();
break;
case 3:
return return_mat.reshape(shape[3],(shape[1], shape[2])).clone();
break;
default:
cv::Mat mat;
return mat;
break;
}
}
cv::Mat CPhone::createMatFromImage(const char *path)
{
return cv::imread(path, cv::IMREAD_UNCHANGED);
}
int main()
{
CPhone phone;
cv::Mat img = phone.createMatFromImage("C:\\Users\\Lenovo\\Desktop\\xx.jpg"); //这里读取一张3*640*640的图片
cv::Mat remat;
remat = phone.callPyFun("normalize",img).clone(); //参数为调用的函数名,mat数据
std::cout << remat;
return 0;
}
使用的时候只需编写main()
函数里的代码即可调用。
以下为对两个函数调用的返回结果
mean
:
normalize
: