Shiro快速入门

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-18 23:04:59 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-10-18 23:04:59 发布

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文章标签： shiro java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/C_hhlv744/article/details/113446432

版权

什么是Shiro?

●Apache Shiro是一个Java 的安全(权限)框架。
●Shiro可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用，其不仅可以用在JavaSE环境，也可以用在JavaEE环境。
●Shiro可以完成，认证，授权，加密，会话管理，Web集成，缓存等.
●下载地址: http://shiro.apache.org/

有哪些功能？

●Authentication: 身份认证、登录，验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份;
●Authorization:授权,即权限验证，验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权限，即判断用户能否进行什么操作，如:验证某个用户是否拥有某个角色，或者细粒度的验证某个用户对某个资源是否具有某个权限!
●Session Manager: 会话管理，即用户登录后就是第-次会话，在没有退出之前，它的所有信息都在会话中;会话可以是普通的JavaSE环境，也可以是Web环境;
●Cryptography: 加密,保护数据的安全性，如密码加密存储到数据库中，而不是明文存储;
●Web Support: Web支持，可以非常容易的集成到Web环境;
●Caching: 缓存，比如用户登录后，其用户信息，拥有的角色、权限不必每次去查,这样可以提高效率
●Concurrency: Shiro支持多线程应用的并发验证，即，如在-个线程中开启另-一个线程,能把权限自动的传
播过去
●Testing:提供测试支持;
●RunAs:允许一个用户假装为另-一个用户(如果他们允许)的身份进行访问;
●Remember Me:记住我，这个是非常常见的功能，即一-次登录后，下次再来的话不用登录了

Shiro架构(外部)

从外部来看Shiro,即从应用程序角度来观察如何使用shiro完成工作:
在这里插入图片描述

●subject: 应用代码直接交互的对象是Subject, 也就是说Shiro的对外API核心就是Subject, Subject代表了当前的用户，这个用户不-定是一个具体的人，与当前应用交互的任何东西都是Subject,如网络爬虫，机器人等，与Subject的所有交互都会委托给SecurityManager; Subject其实是一一个门面， SecurityManageer 才是
实际的执行者
●SecurityManager: 安全管理器，即所有与安全有关的操作都会与SercurityManager交互, 并且它管理着所有的Subject,可以看出它是Shiro的核心，它负责与Shiro的其他组件进行交互，它相当于SpringMVC的DispatcherServlet的角色
●Realm: Shiro从Realm获取安全数据 (如用户,角色，权限)，就是说SecurityManager要验证用户身份，那么它需要从Realm获取相应的用户进行比较，来确定用户的身份是否合法;也需要从Realm得到用户相应的角色、权限，进行验证用户的操作是否能够进行，可以把Realm看DataSource;

Shiro架构(内部)

在这里插入图片描述

●Subject: 任何可以与应用交互的用户;
●Security Manager:相当于SpringMVC中的DispatcherSerlet; 是Shiro的心脏，所有具体的交互都通过Security Manager进行控制，它管理者所有的Subject, 且负责进行认证,授权，会话，及缓存的管理。
●Authenticator:负责Subject认证，是-一个扩展点，可以自定义实现;可以使用认证策略(Authentication Strategy)，即什么情况下算用户认证通过了;
●Authorizer:授权器，即访问控制器，用来决定主体是否有权限进行相应的操作;即控制着用户能访问应用中
的那些功能;
●Realm: 可以有-一个或者多个的realm, 可以认为是安全实体数据源，即用于获取安全实体的，可以用JDBC实现，也可以是内存实现等等，由用户提供;所以- -般在应用中都需要实现自己的realm
●SessionManager:管理Session生命周期的组件,而Shiro并不仅仅可以用在Web环境，也可以用在普通的JavaSE环境中
●CacheManager: 缓存控制器，来管理如用户，角色，权限等缓存的;因为这些数据基本上很少改变,放到缓存中后可以提高访问的性能;
●Cryptography:密码模块，Shiro 提高了一些常见的加密组件用于密码加密，解密等

Shiro快速开始

1.创建一个空的Maven项目springboot-shiro，添加hello-shiro模块，添加pom依耐

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- configure logging -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.添加log4j配置 log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout

log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n

# General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN

# Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN

# Default Shiro logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO

# Disable verbose logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN

3.添加shiro配置 (第一次添加会提示安装插件，idea重启后生效)

[users]
# user 'root' with password 'secret' and the 'admin' role
root = secret, admin
# user 'guest' with the password 'guest' and the 'guest' role
guest = guest, guest
# user 'presidentskroob' with password '12345' ("That's the same combination on
# my luggage!!!" ;)), and role 'president'
presidentskroob = 12345, president
# user 'darkhelmet' with password 'ludicrousspeed' and roles 'darklord' and 'schwartz'
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
# user 'lonestarr' with password 'vespa' and roles 'goodguy' and 'schwartz'
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Roles with assigned permissions
#
# Each line conforms to the format defined in the
# org.apache.shiro.realm.text.TextConfigurationRealm#setRoleDefinitions JavaDoc
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[roles]
# 'admin' role has all permissions, indicated by the wildcard '*'
admin = *
# The 'schwartz' role can do anything (*) with any lightsaber:
schwartz = lightsaber:*
# The 'goodguy' role is allowed to 'drive' (action) the winnebago (type) with
# license plate 'eagle5' (instance specific id)
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5

4.添加Quickstart.java

public class Quickstart {

    private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);


    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
        // realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
        // We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
        // return a SecurityManager instance:

        // Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
        // (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
        Factory<SecurityManager> factory = new IniSecurityManagerFactory("classpath:shiro.ini");
        SecurityManager securityManager = factory.getInstance();

        // for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
        // accessible as a JVM singleton.  Most applications wouldn't do this
        // and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
        // webapps.  That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
        // we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
        // for things.
        SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        // Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:

        // get the currently executing user:
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();

        // Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
        String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
        if (value.equals("aValue")) {
            log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
        }

        // let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
        if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
            UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
            token.setRememberMe(true);
            try {
                currentUser.login(token);
            } catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
                log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
            } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
                log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
            } catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
                log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked.  " +
                        "Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
            }
            // ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
            catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
                //unexpected condition?  error?
            }
        }

        //say who they are:
        //print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
        log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");

        //test a role:
        if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
            log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
        } else {
            log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
        }

        //test a typed permission (not instance-level)
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
            log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring.  Use it wisely.");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
        }

        //a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
        if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
            log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'.  " +
                    "Here are the keys - have fun!");
        } else {
            log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
        }

        //all done - log out!
        currentUser.logout();

        System.exit(0);
    }
}

5.启动测试：出现下面的日志就成功啦

在这里插入图片描述

SpringBoot整合Shiro环境搭建

●新建SpringBoot项目,勾选web和thymeleaf

●templates下新建index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en"
      xmlns:th="https://www.thymeleaf.org"
      xmlns:shiro="https://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>首页</h1>

<p th:text="${msg}"></p>

</body>
</html>

●controller包下新建一个MyController.java进行配置页面请求

package com.huang.controller;

import org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityUtil;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.IncorrectCredentialsException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UnknownAccountException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

@Controller
public class MyController {

    @RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
    public String toIndex(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","hello,shiro");
        return "index";
    }
}

●最后运行测试

shiro整合mybatis

●导入jar包

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.19</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.10</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

●编写application.yaml

spring:
  datasource:
    username: root
    password: 181818
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useJDBCCompliantTimezoneShift=true&useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

    #Spring Boot 默认是不注入这些属性值的，需要自己绑定
    #druid 数据源专有配置
    initialSize: 5
    minIdle: 5
    maxActive: 20
    maxWait: 60000
    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
    minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
    validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
    testWhileIdle: true
    testOnBorrow: false
    testOnReturn: false
    poolPreparedStatements: true

    #配置监控统计拦截的filters，stat:监控统计、log4j：日志记录、wall：防御sql注入
    #如果允许时报错  java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.apache.log4j.Priority
    #则导入 log4j 依赖即可，Maven 地址：https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j
    filters: stat,wall,log4j
    maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
    useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
    connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.chh.pojo
  mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml

●编写实体类

package com.chh.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String pwd;
    private String perms;
}

●编写UserMapper.java

package com.chh.mapper;
import com.chh.pojo.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;

@Repository
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
    List<User> allUser();
    User queryByName(String name);
}

●resources下新建mapper文件夹，再在mapper下编写UserMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.chh.mapper.UserMapper">
    <select id="allUser" resultType="User">
        select * from user
    </select>
    <select id="queryByName" resultType="User" parameterType="String">
        select * from user where name = #{name}
    </select>
</mapper>

●编写UserService接口

package com.chh.service;
import com.chh.pojo.User;
import java.util.List;

public interface UserService {
    List<User> allUser();
    User queryByName(String name);
}

●编写UserServiceImpl.java

package com.chh.service;
import com.chh.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.chh.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Autowired
    UserMapper userMapper;
    @Override
    public List<User> allUser() {
        return userMapper.allUser();
    }

    @Override
    public User queryByName(String name) {
        return userMapper.queryByName(name);
    }
}

Shiro整合Thymeleaf

●导入jar包

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId>
    <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>

●编写ShiroConfig.java

package com.chh.config;
import at.pollux.thymeleaf.shiro.dialect.ShiroDialect;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {
    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean getShiroFilterFactoryBean(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager){
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean bean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        bean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        /*添加shiro的内置过滤器
        * anon：无需认证就可以访问
        * authc：必须认证了才能访问
        * user：必须拥有记住我功能才能用
        * perms：拥有对某个资源的权限才能访问
        * role：拥有某个角色权限才能访问
        * */
        Map<String,String> filterMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        filterMap.put("/user/add","perms[user:add]");
        filterMap.put("/user/update","perms[user:update]");
        filterMap.put("/user/*","authc");
        bean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(filterMap);
        bean.setLoginUrl("/toLogin");
        bean.setUnauthorizedUrl("/noauth");

        return bean;
    }
    @Bean(name = "securityManager")
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager getDefaultWebSecurityManager(@Qualifier("userRealm") UserRealm userRealm){
        DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        securityManager.setRealm(userRealm);
        return securityManager;
    }
    @Bean
    public UserRealm userRealm(){
        return new UserRealm();
    }

    @Bean(name = "shiroDialect")
    public ShiroDialect shiroDialect(){
        return new ShiroDialect();

    }

}

●编写UserRealm.java

package com.chh.config;
import com.chh.pojo.User;
import com.chh.service.UserServiceImpl;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.SimpleAuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
    @Autowired
    UserServiceImpl userService;
    //授权
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        System.out.println("执行了授权doGetAuthorizationInfo");
        SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
        Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        User currentUser = (User) subject.getPrincipal();
        info.addStringPermission(currentUser.getPerms());
        return info;
    }
    //认证
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
        System.out.println("执行了认证doGetAuthenticationInfo");
        UsernamePasswordToken userToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
        User user = userService.queryByName(userToken.getUsername());
        Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        Session session = currentUser.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("loginUser",user);

        if(user==null){
            return null;
        }
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user,user.getPwd(),"");
    }
}

●编写Controller、service、serviceImpl、mapper、mapper.xml等

●在application.properties中添加以下两行

mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.chh.pojo
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*.xml

●编写index、add、update、login等页面

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
      xmlns:shiro="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-shiro">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>首页</h1>
<p th:text="${msg}"></p>
<hr>
<p th:if="${session.loginUser==null}">
    <a th:href="@{/toLogin}">登录</a>
</p>
<div shiro:hasPermission="user:add">
    <a th:href="@{/user/add}">Add</a>
</div>
<div shiro:hasPermission="user:update">
    <a th:href="@{/user/update}">Update</a>
</div>

</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>登录</h2>
<p style="color: red;" th:text="${msg}"></p>
<form th:action="@{/login}">
    <input type="text" name="username"><br>
    <input type="password" name="password"><br><br>
    <button type="submit" value="submit">登录</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.chh</groupId>
    <artifactId>shiro-springboot</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>shiro-springboot</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.19</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.10</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-java8time</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

Awesome~

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Shiro快速入门

什么是Shiro?●Apache Shiro是一个Java 的安全(权限)框架。●Shiro可以非常容易的开发出足够好的应用，其不仅可以用在JavaSE环境，也可以用在JavaEE环境。●Shiro可以完成，认证，授权，加密，会话管理，Web集成，缓存等.●下载地址:http://shiro.apache.org/有哪些功能？●Authentication: 身份认证、登录，验证用户是不是拥有相应的身份;●Authorization:授权,即权限验证，验证某个已认证的用户是否拥有某个权.
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