java 反射简单方法的例子

比较懒，就把练习的例子放上来了，注释就是对方法的解释

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;

public class ReflectTest {
    
    public interface China{
        public String Region = null;
    }
    
    public static class Person implements China{
        private String name;
        private int age;
        
        public Person(){
        }
        
        public Person(String name){
            this.name = name;
        }
        
        public Person(int age){
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public Person(String name, int age){
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        public void setName(String name){
            this.name = name;
        }
        
        public void setAge(int age){
            this.age = age;
        }
        
        @Override
        public String toString(){
            return "["+this.name+"  "+this.age+"]";
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, 
        IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException, 
        SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Person Person = new Person();
        System.out.println(Person.getClass().getName());
        
        Class PersonClass1 = null;
        Class PersonClass2 = null;
        Class PersonClass3 = null;
        //三种方法创建Class 实例
        PersonClass1 = Class.forName("ReflectTest$Person");
        PersonClass2 = new Person().getClass();
        PersonClass3 = Person.class;
        
        Person per1 = (Person) PersonClass1.newInstance(); //若 Person 没有无参的构造器，会报InstantiationException,
        per1.setName("candy");
        per1.setAge(25);
        
        System.out.println(per1);
        
        //若类中就是没有无参的构造器，也可以使用这种方法
        Constructor con[] = PersonClass1.getConstructors(); //con 数组的顺序与Person类中构造器编写的顺序一致
        Person per2 = (ReflectTest.Person) con[0].newInstance();
        Person per3 = (ReflectTest.Person) con[1].newInstance("alice");
        Person per4 = (ReflectTest.Person) con[2].newInstance(27);
        Person per5 = (ReflectTest.Person) con[3].newInstance("alice", 27);
        
        //亦可以指定构造器
        Person per6 = (ReflectTest.Person) PersonClass1.getConstructor(String.class).newInstance("lisa");
        System.out.println(per6);
        
        System.out.println(con[1].getParameterTypes()[0]); //得到方法参数
        System.out.println(Modifier.toString(con[1].getModifiers()));//得到方法修饰符，如public
        Method[] methods = PersonClass1.getMethods();
        System.out.println(methods[0].getName()); //得到Person Class 的所有methods
        Class<?> returnType=methods[0].getReturnType(); //方法的返回类型
        Class<?> para[]=methods[0].getParameterTypes(); //方法的参数类型
        Class<?> exce[]=methods[0].getExceptionTypes(); //方法的异常
        Class inters[] = PersonClass1.getInterfaces(); //得到Person类实现的所有接口
        System.out.println(PersonClass1.getSuperclass().getName());//继承的父类
        
        Field[] fields = PersonClass1.getDeclaredFields(); //类的全部属性
        Field[] inter_fields = PersonClass1.getFields(); //取得实现的接口或者父类的属性
        
        // 通过反射调用方法
        Method setAge = PersonClass1.getMethod("setAge", int.class);
        setAge.invoke(PersonClass1.newInstance(), 26);
        
        // 通过反射操作属性
        Field nameField = PersonClass1.getDeclaredField("name");
        nameField.setAccessible(true); //如何属性是private,没有这一步就没有权限set
        nameField.set(PersonClass1.newInstance(), "cindy");
    }
}