五、Spring注解开发

Spring原始注解

Spring原始注解主要是代替的配置

注意：
使用注解进行开发时，需要在applicationContext.xml中配置组件扫描，作用是指定哪个包及其子包下的Bean需要进行扫描以便识别使用注解配置的类、字段、方法。

applicationContext.xml：

    <!--配置组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example"></context:component-scan>

UserDaoImpl：

//<bean id="userDao" class="com.example.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
//@Component("userDao")
@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("save running....");
    }
}

UserServiceImpl：

//<bean id="userService" class="com.example.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
//@Component("userService")
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    //<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
    
    //@Autowired //按照数据类型从Spring容器中进行匹配的
    //@Qualifier("userDao") //是按照id值从容器中进行匹配的，但是注意此处@Qualifier结合@Autowired一起用
    @Resource(name="userDao") //相当于@Qualifier结合@Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;
/*    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }*/

    @Override
    public void save() {
        userDao.save();
    }
}

Test：

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }

注入普通数据类型@Value，UserServiceImpl：

@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driver;
    
    //<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
    @Resource(name="userDao") //相当于@Qualifier结合@Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println(driver);
        userDao.save();
    }
}

@Scope标注Bean、@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy，UserServiceImpl：

//@Scope("prototype")
@Scope("singleton")
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driver;
    
    //<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
    @Resource(name="userDao") //相当于@Qualifier结合@Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

    @Override
    public void save() {
        System.out.println(driver);
        userDao.save();
    }

    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        System.out.println("对象的初始化方法");
    }
    @PreDestroy
    public void destory() {
        System.out.println("对象的销毁方法");
    }
}

Spring新注解

还需要使用注解代替的配置：

• 非自定义的Bean的配置： <Bean
• 加载properties文件的配置：<context:property-placeholder
• 组件扫描的配置：<context:component-scan
• 引入其他文件：<import
  
  数据源相关配置DataSourceConfiguration：

//<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbc.properties")
public class DataSourceConfiguration {

    @Value("${jdbc.driver}")
    private String driver;
    @Value("${jdbc.url}")
    private String url;
    @Value("${jdbc.username}")
    private String username;
    @Value("${jdbc.password}")
    private String password;

    @Bean("dataSource") //Spring会将当前方法的返回值以指定名称存储到Spring容器中
    public DataSource getDataSource() throws PropertyVetoException {
        ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
        dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
        dataSource.setUser(username);
        dataSource.setPassword(password);
        return dataSource;
    }

}

Spring核心配置类SpringConfiguration：

//标志该类是Spring的核心配置类
@Configuration
//<context:component-scan base-package="com.example"/>
@ComponentScan("com.example")
//<import resource=""/>
@Import({DataSourceConfiguration.class})
public class SpringConfiguration {

}

测试类：

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        ApplicationContext app = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class);
        UserService userService = app.getBean(UserService.class);
        userService.save();
    }