Python 类变量和self的理解

看下面代码：

class LineInfo():

Num = 4

def __init__(self):

#self.Num = 1 #Num of ':' + 1

self.len = 2 #len of str before ':' or '\n'

self.LineNum = 3

def say(self1):

self1.Num = 0

LineInfoObj = LineInfo()

print(LineInfoObj.Num)

# LineInfoObj.say()

# print(LineInfoObj.Num)

输出：

4

稍作改动：

class LineInfo():

Num = 4

def __init__(self):

self.Num = 1 #Num of ':' + 1

self.len = 2 #len of str before ':' or '\n'

self.LineNum = 3

def say(self1):

self1.Num = 0

LineInfoObj = LineInfo()

print(LineInfoObj.Num)

# LineInfoObj.say()

# print(LineInfoObj.Num)

输出：

1

再次改动

class LineInfo():

Num = 4

def __init__(self):

self.Num = 1 #Num of ':' + 1

self.len = 2 #len of str before ':' or '\n'

self.LineNum = 3

def say(self1):

self1.Num = 0

LineInfoObj = LineInfo()

print(LineInfoObj.Num)

LineInfoObj.say()

print(LineInfoObj.Num)

输出：

1

0

总结：

self代表对象本身的引用

对象创建时自动调用__init__方法，将类变量Num改为1

调用方法say时将类变量Num改为0

再次改动

class LineInfo():

Num = 4

def __init__(self):

self.Num = 1 #Num of ':' + 1

self.len = 2 #len of str before ':' or '\n'

self.LineNum = 3

def say(self1):

self1.Num = 0

LineInfoObj = LineInfo()

print(LineInfoObj.Num)

LineInfoObj.say()

print(LineInfoObj.Num)

print(LineInfo.Num)

输出值：

1

0

4

原因：self指代的是对象，而不是类，类的变量仍然为原来的值4

类属性传入实例方法：

class CLanguage:

bb = 1

def info(self, b, c):

self.b = CLanguage.bb + b

self.c = c

print(self,"正在学 Python")

print(self.b + c)

obj = CLanguage()

obj.info(2,3)

obj.bb = 10

obj.info(2,3)

obj2 = CLanguage()

obj2.bb = 20

obj.info(2,3)

obj2.info(2,3)

CLanguage.bb = 2

obj.info(2,3)

obj2.info(2,3)

输出：

<__main__.CLanguage object at 0x00000200EBDE5940> 正在学 Python

6

<__main__.CLanguage object at 0x00000200EBDE5940> 正在学 Python

6

<__main__.CLanguage object at 0x00000200EBDE5940> 正在学 Python

6

<__main__.CLanguage object at 0x00000200EBDE59D0> 正在学 Python

6

<__main__.CLanguage object at 0x00000200EBDE5940> 正在学 Python

7

<__main__.CLanguage object at 0x00000200EBDE59D0> 正在学 Python

7

对象属性传入实例方法：

class CLanguage:

bb = 1

def info(self, b, c):

self.b = self.bb + b

self.c = c

print(self,"正在学 Python")

print(self.b + c)

obj = CLanguage()

obj.info(2,3)

obj.bb = 10

obj.info(2,3)

obj2 = CLanguage()

obj2.bb = 20

obj.info(2,3)

obj2.info(2,3)

CLanguage.bb = 2

obj.info(2,3)

obj2.info(2,3)

输出：

<__main__.CLanguage object at 0x00000200EBDE5A30> 正在学 Python

6

<__main__.CLanguage object at 0x00000200EBDE5A30> 正在学 Python

15

<__main__.CLanguage object at 0x00000200EBDE5A30> 正在学 Python

15

<__main__.CLanguage object at 0x00000200EBDE5970> 正在学 Python

25

<__main__.CLanguage object at 0x00000200EBDE5A30> 正在学 Python

15

<__main__.CLanguage object at 0x00000200EBDE5970> 正在学 Python

25