Shell学习（分发expect）-2018.12.29

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-20 17:23:48 发布

Chauncey_Qin

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-20 17:23:48 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Chauncey_Qin/article/details/85334398

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27.分发系统介绍--expect

expect是一种脚本语言，可以实现传输文件，实现远程执行命令，上线代码（将开发人员开发的代码发送到服务器上去），不需输入密码，针对多终端，多访问量，多接口的环境，可以用分发系统，对每段时间更新的代码分别发布到终端上

首先要准备一台模板机器，有最新的代码
要知道所有设备的IP
要知道这些用户的密码
expect脚本借助RSVNC推送脚本到这些机器上去

28.expect脚本远程登录

示例一：

yum install -y expect
  自动远程登录
#! /usr/bin/expect
set host "192.168.0.12"                     #expect中定义变量
set passwd "12345678"                       #expect中定义变量
spawn ssh root@$host                           
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}         #第一次使用ssh会提示是否登陆，\r为回车
"assword:" { send "$passwd\r" }                #截取assword：，如果有，发送￥passwd
}
interact                   #表示需要停留在远程的机器上，不需要退出，还有一个expect eof用法同interact，表示停留10秒钟退出

####################执行结果：####################
[root@localhost expect-test]# ifconfig | grep -A1 "eth0"| awk '{print $2}'|awk -F':' '{print $2}'

192.168.0.11
[root@localhost expect-test]# ./test.expect 
spawn ssh root@192.168.0.12
root@192.168.0.12's password: 
Last login: Sat Dec 29 07:33:35 2018 from 192.168.0.11
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig | grep -A1 "eth0"| awk '{print $2}'|awk -F':' '{print $2}'

192.168.0.12
[root@localhost ~]#

29.expect脚本远程执行命令

  yum install -y expect
  自动远程登录
#! /usr/bin/expect
set host "192.168.0.12"                     #expect中定义变量
set passwd "12345678"                       #expect中定义变量
spawn ssh root@$host                           
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}         #第一次使用ssh会提示是否登陆，\r为回车
"assword:" { send "$passwd\r" }                #截取assword：，如果有，发送￥passwd
}
expect "]*"                          #当遇到]#或者]$时（登陆后的主机名显示），执行下边的内容
send "touch /tmp/expect-test\r"
expect "]*"
send "echo Hello,world! > /tmp/expect-test\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
执行结果：
192.168.0.11：
[root@localhost expect-test]# ./test1.expect  
spawn ssh root@192.168.0.12
root@192.168.0.12's password: 
Last login: Sat Dec 29 07:35:11 2018 from 192.168.0.11
[root@localhost ~]# touch /tmp/expect-test
[root@localhost ~]# echo Hello,world! > /tmp/expect-test
192.168.0.12：
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig | grep -A1 'eth0' | awk '{print $2}'| awk -F ':' '{print $2}'

192.168.0.12
[root@localhost ~]# cat /tmp/expect-test 
Hello,world!
[root@localhost ~]#

30.expect脚本传递参数

#!/usr/bin/expect


set user [lindex $argv 0]           #该句是引用参数的值，[lindex $argy 0]是第一个参数,把第一个参数的值赋给user
set host [lindex $argv 1]           #
set passwd "123456"
set cm [lindex $argv 2]             #cm是第三个参数，要执行的命令
spawn ssh $user@$host


expect {
"yes/no" {send "yes\r"}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
执行结果：
[root@localhost expect-test]# ./test2.expect root 192.168.0.12 ls    #执行多个命令时,eg：“ls;w;vmstat 1”，执行vmstat 1这样的命令，如果要长时间执行可以在定义该变量下加一行“set timeout -1”，-1是永久不超时，其他按秒计
spawn ssh root@192.168.0.12
root@192.168.0.12's password: 
Last login: Sat Dec 29 10:09:45 2018 from 192.168.0.11
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  install.log  install.log.syslog
[root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost expect-test]#

31.expect脚本同步文件

#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "1qaz@WSX@123"
spawn rsync -av root@192.168.1.12:/root/expect_tran /usr/local/sbin/expect-test/
expect {
"yes/no" {send "yes\r"}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}


expect eof              #如果没有此句，脚本登陆后就会退出，无法传输文件


执行结果：
[root@localhost expect-test]# ./transport.expect  
spawn rsync -av root@192.168.1.12:/root/expect_tran /usr/local/sbin/expect-test/
root@192.168.1.12's password: 
receiving incremental file list
expect_tran

sent 30 bytes  received 80 bytes  73.33 bytes/sec
total size is 0  speedup is 0.00
[root@localhost expect-test]# 

如果注释掉expect eof结果：
[root@localhost expect-test]# ./transport.expect 
spawn rsync -av root@192.168.1.12:/root/expect_tran /usr/local/sbin/expect-test/
root@192.168.1.12's password: 
[root@localhost expect-test]#

32.expect脚本指定host和要同步的文件

#!/usr/bin/expect

[root@localhost expect-test]# cat file.expect                              
#!/usr/bin/expect

set passwd "123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]
spawn rsync -av $file root@$host:$file              #从本机同步到对方

expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r" }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}

expect eof
[root@localhost expect-test]# 

执行结果：
[root@localhost expect-test]# ./file.expect 192.168.1.12 /root/file.expert
spawn rsync -av /root/file.expert root@192.168.1.12:/root/file.expert
root@192.168.1.12's password: 
sending incremental file list
file.expert

sent 75 bytes  received 31 bytes  212.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0  speedup is 0.00

33.构建文件分发系统

文件分发系统的实现：  前提：所需同步的设备的用户名密码都是一样的，或者使用密钥认证
rsync.expect内容
#!/usr/bin/expect
set passwd "123456"
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set file [lindex $argv 1]                #这里的file是一个文件列表
spawn rsync -avR --files-from=$file / root@$host:/    #该句为核心目录,要保证对方的主机上要有相同的路径，没有则加R选项
expect {
“yes/no” {send "yes\r"}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect eof


ip.list                        #列表内容，用于向各个主机推送信息，eg：
[root@localhost expect-test]# cat /tmp/ip.list
192.168.1.12
192.168.1.13
......  

file.list                      #文件列表，需要同步的文件目录，是绝对路径eg：
[root@localhost expect-test]# cat /tmp/file.list
/root/file.expert
/root/1.txt
/tmp/12.txt

rsync.sh                                       #是文件遍历IP地址，发送文件
#!/bin/bash
[root@localhost expect-test]# cat rsync.sh
#!/bin/bash
for ip in `cat /tmp/ip.list`
do
  echo $ip
  ./rsync.expect $ip /tmp/file.list
  done

执行结果：
[root@localhost expect-test]# sh -x rsync.sh  
++ cat /tmp/ip.list
+ for ip in '`cat /tmp/ip.list`'
+ echo 192.168.1.12
192.168.1.12
+ ./rsync.expect 192.168.1.12 /tmp/file.list
spawn rsync -av --files-from=/tmp/file.list / root@192.168.1.12:/
root@192.168.1.12's password: 
building file list ... done
root/
root/1.txt
tmp/
tmp/12.txt

sent 193 bytes  received 56 bytes  498.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0  speedup is 0.00

34.批量远程执行命令

命令批量执行:三个文件：expect文件，脚本文件和ip.list
exe.expect
[root@localhost expect-test]# cat exe.expect
#!/usr/bin/expect
set host [lindex $argv 0]
set passwd "123456"
set cm [lindex $argv 1]
spawn ssh root@$host
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r" }
"password:" { send "$passwd\r" }
}
expect "]*"
send "$cm\r"
expect "]*"
send "exit\r"
[root@localhost expect-test]# cat exe.sh
#!/bin/bash
for ip in `cat /tmp/ip.list`
do
  ./exe.expect $ip hostname
  done
[root@localhost expect-test]# cat /tmp/ip.list 
192.168.1.12
192.168.1.13
执行结果：
[root@localhost expect-test]# sh -x exe.sh                      
++ cat /tmp/ip.list
+ for ip in '`cat /tmp/ip.list`'
+ ./exe.expect 192.168.1.12 hostname
spawn ssh root@192.168.1.12
root@192.168.1.12's password: 
Last login: Sat Dec 29 16:30:29 2018 from 192.168.1.11
[root@localhost ~]# hostname                       #批量执行的命令
localhost.localdomain
[root@localhost ~]# + for ip in '`cat /tmp/ip.list`'
+ ./exe.expect 192.168.1.13 hostname               
spawn ssh root@192.168.1.13
ssh: connect to host 192.168.1.13 port 22: No route to host          #s192.168.1.13本身不存在
expect: spawn id exp4 not open
    while executing
"expect "]*""
    (file "./exe.expect" line 10)
[root@localhost expect-test]#