不得不说，雷神很厉害，整理自雷神笔记，争取在熟悉的基础上不断优化笔记，源码分析部分建议在捋清楚基本用法后，反复debug配合雷神视频进行消化，形成自己的见解~
文章目录
- 1. 基础入门-Spring生态圈
- 2. 基础入门-时代背景
- 3. 基础入门-SpringBoot官方文档架构
- 4. 基础入门-案例
- 5. 基础入门-依赖管理特性
- 6. 基础入门-自动配置特性
- 7. 底层注解-@Configuration详解
- 8. 底层注解-@Import导入组件
- 9. 底层注解-@Conditional条件装配
- 10. 底层注解-@ImportResource导入Spring配置文件
- 11. 底层注解-@ConfigurationProperties配置绑定
- 12. 自动配置原理
- 13. 最佳实践
- 14. 配置文件
- 15. web场景
- 16. 请求处理
- 17. 响应处理
1. 基础入门-Spring生态圈
1.1 Spring能做什么
Spring能力
Spring生态
覆盖：
- web开发
- 数据访问
- 安全控制
- 分布式
- 消息服务
- 移动开发
- 批处理
- …
Spring5重大升级
- 响应式编程
- 内部源码设计
基于Java8的一些新特性，如：接口默认实现。重新设计源码架构。
1.2 为什么使用SpringBoot
Spring Boot makes it easy to create stand-alone, production-grade Spring based Applications that you can “just run”.link
能快速创建出生产级别的Spring应用。
优点
-
Create stand-alone Spring applications
- 创建独立Spring应用
-
Embed Tomcat, Jetty or Undertow directly (no need to deploy WAR files)
- 内嵌web服务器
-
Provide opinionated ‘starter’ dependencies to simplify your build configuration
- 自动starter依赖，简化构建配置
-
Automatically configure Spring and 3rd party libraries whenever possible
- 自动配置Spring以及第三方功能
-
Provide production-ready features such as metrics, health checks, and externalized configuration
- 提供生产级别的监控、健康检查及外部化配置
-
Absolutely no code generation and no requirement for XML configuration
- 无代码生成、无需编写XML
-
SpringBoot是整合Spring技术栈的一站式框架
-
SpringBoot是简化Spring技术栈的快速开发脚手架
缺点
- 人称版本帝，迭代快，需要时刻关注变化
- 封装太深，内部原理复杂，不容易精通
2. 基础入门-时代背景
2.1 微服务
- 微服务是一种架构风格
- 一个应用拆分为一组小型服务
- 每个服务运行在自己的进程内，也就是可独立部署和升级
- 服务之间使用轻量级HTTP交互
- 服务围绕业务功能拆分
- 可以由全自动部署机制独立部署
- 去中心化，服务自治。服务可以使用不同的语言、不同的存储技术
2.2 分布式
2.2.1 分布式的困难
- 远程调用
- 服务发现
- 负载均衡
- 服务容错
- 配置管理
- 服务监控
- 链路追踪
- 日志管理
- 任务调度
- …
2.2.2 分布式的解决
- SpringBoot + SpringCloud
2.3 云原生
原生应用如何上云。 Cloud Native
2.3.1 上云的困难
- 服务自愈
- 弹性伸缩
- 服务隔离
- 自动化部署
- 灰度发布
- 流量治理
- …
2.3.2 上云的解决
3. 基础入门-SpringBoot官方文档架构
3.1 官方文档架构
4. 基础入门-案例
4.1 系统要求
- Java 8
- Maven 3.3+
- IntelliJ IDEA 2018
maven配置
<mirrors>
<mirror>
<id>nexus-aliyun</id>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
<name>Nexus aliyun</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>jdk-1.8</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<jdk>1.8</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.8</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles>
4.2 HelloWorld项目
4.2.1 创建maven项目 引入依赖
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
4.2.2 创建主程序
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);
}
}
4.2.3 编写业务
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String handler01() {
return "Hello Spring Boot 2!";
}
}
4.2.4 代码测试
- 运行
MainApplication类 - 浏览器输入
http://localhost:8080/hello，将会输出Hello, Spring Boot 2!。
4.2.5 设置配置
maven工程的resource文件夹中创建application.properties文件。
# 设置端口号
server.port=8888
4.2.6 打包部署
在pom.xml中添加
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
在IDEA的Maven插件上点击运行 clean 、package，把helloworld工程项目的打包成jar包，
打包好的jar包被生成在helloworld工程项目的target文件夹内。
用cmd运行java -jar boot-01-helloworld-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar，既可以运行helloworld工程项目。
将jar包直接在目标服务器执行即可。
5. 基础入门-依赖管理特性
5.1父项目进行依赖管理
依赖管理
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
上面项目的父项目如下：
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
它几乎声明了所有开发中常用的依赖的版本号，自动版本仲裁机制
5.2 开发导入stater场景启动器
-
见到很多 spring-boot-starter-* ： *就某种场景
-
只要引入starter，这个场景的所有常规需要的依赖都自动引入
-
见到的 *-spring-boot-starter： 第三方为我们提供的简化开发的场景启动器
所有场景启动器最底层的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
5.3 自动版本仲裁
- 引入依赖默认可不写版本号
- 引入非版本仲裁的依赖需要写版本号
5.4 修改默认版本号
-
查看spring-boot-dependencies里面规定当前依赖的版本用的 key。
-
在当前项目里面重写配置，如下面的代码。
<properties>
<mysql.version>5.1.43</mysql.version>
</properties>
IDEA快捷键：
ctrl + shift + alt + U：以图的方式显示项目中依赖之间的关系。alt + ins：相当于Eclipse的 Ctrl + N，创建新类，新包等。
6. 基础入门-自动配置特性
6.1 自动配置Tomcat
- 引入Tomcat依赖。
- 配置Tomcat
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
6.2 自动配置SpringMVC
- 引入SpringMVC全套组件
- 自动配好SpringMVC常用组件（功能）
6.3 自动配置Web常见功能
- 如：字符编码问题
- SpringBoot帮我们配置好了所有web开发的常见场景
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1、返回IOC容器
ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);
//2、查看容器里面的组件
String[] names = run.getBeanDefinitionNames();
for (String name : names) {
System.out.println(name);
}
}
6.3 默认包结构
- 主程序所在包及其下面的所有子包里面的组件都会被默认扫描进来
- 无需以前的包扫描配置
- 想要改变扫描路径
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages="com.lun")@ComponentScan指定扫描路径
@SpringBootApplication
等同于
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan("com.cyan")
6.4 各种配置拥有默认值
- 默认配置最终都是映射到某个类上，如：
MultipartProperties - 配置文件的值最终会绑定每个类上，这个类会在容器中创建对象
6.5 按需加载所有自动配置项
- 非常多的starter
- 引入了哪些场景这个场景的自动配置才会开启
- SpringBoot所有的自动配置功能都在 spring-boot-autoconfigure 包里面
7. 底层注解-@Configuration详解
@Configuration：配置类，取代配置文件，配置类本身是组件
proxyBeanMethods属性：代理Bean的方法@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = true)：外部无论对配置类的组件注册方法调用多少次，获取的都是之前容器中注册的单实例对象- 每次启动SpringBoot检查方法返回的对象在容器中有没有
// MyConfig是被SpringCGLIB增强了的代理对象，获取的本身就是代理对象
MyConfig bean = run.getBean(MyConfig.class);
System.out.println(bean);
// 如果@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = true)，该类获取到的是代理对象调用方法。
// SpringBoot总会检查这个组件是否在容器中有没有该方法以及返回的组件
// 如果容器中有，直接拿；如果没有，再来调用、创建
// 总结：保持组件单实例
User user = bean.user01();
User user1 = bean.user01();
System.out.println(user == user1);
// 返回true
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class MyConfig {
@Bean
public User user01(){
User zhangsan = new User("zhangsan", 18);
//user组件依赖了Pet组件
zhangsan.setPet(tomcatPet());
return zhangsan;
}
@Bean("tom")
public Pet tomcatPet(){
return new Pet("tomcat");
}
}
User user01 = run.getBean("user01", User.class);
Pet tom = run.getBean("tom", Pet.class);
System.out.println("用户的宠物："+(user01.getPet() == tom));
// 返回true
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)- 不会检查方法返回的对象在容器中有没有，SpringBoot启动运行比较快
User user = bean.user01();
User user1 = bean.user01();
System.out.println(user == user1);
// 返回false
- 引出两种模式：
Full[ @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = true) ]模式与Lite[ @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) ]模式- 应用场景：解决组件依赖
最佳实战
- 配置 类组件之间无依赖关系用Lite模式加速容器启动过程，减少判断
- 配置 类组件之间有依赖关系，方法会被调用得到之前单实例组件，用Full模式（默认）
@Bean：
- 给容器中添加组件，以方法名作为组件的id。返回类型为组件类型。返回值是组件在容器中的实例
- 自定义组件名：
@Bean("name") - 配置类里面使用@Bean标注在方法上给容器注册组件，默认是单实例的
IDEA快捷键：
Alt + Ins:生成getter，setter、构造器等代码。Ctrl + Alt + B:查看类的具体实现代码。
8. 底层注解-@Import导入组件
@Import({User.class, DBHelper.class})给容器中自动创建出这两个类型的组件、默认组件的名字就是全类名
@Import({User.class, DBHelper.class})
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class MyConfig {
}
// 测试类
DBHelper bean1 = run.getBean(DBHelper.class);
System.out.println(bean1);
9. 底层注解-@Conditional条件装配
条件装配：满足Conditional指定的条件，则进行组件注入
9.1 检查容器中是否有组件
@Configuration
public class MyConfig {
@Bean
public User user(){
User zhangsan = new User("zhangsan", 18);
return zhangsan;
}
}
boolean user = run.containsBean("user");
System.out.println("容器中user组件："+user01);//true
9.2 注解用于方法检查是否有组件
@Configuration
public class MyConfig {
@ConditionalOnBean(name="tom")
@Bean
public User user(){
User zhangsan = new User("zhangsan", 18);
zhangsan.setPet(tomcatPet());
return zhangsan;
}
@Bean("tom")
public Pet tomcatPet(){
return new Pet("tomcat");
}
}
boolean tom = run.containsBean("tom");
System.out.println("容器中Tom组件："+tom); // true
boolean tom22 = run.containsBean("tom22");
System.out.println("容器中tom22组件："+tom22); // false
9.3 注解用于类检查是否有组件
没有tom名字的Bean时，MyConfig类的Bean才能生效。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "tom")
public class MyConfig {
@Bean
public User user01(){
User zhangsan = new User("zhangsan", 18);
zhangsan.setPet(tomcatPet());
return zhangsan;
}
@Bean("tom22")
public Pet tomcatPet(){
return new Pet("tomcat");
}
}
10. 底层注解-@ImportResource导入Spring配置文件
场景：公司使用application-context.xml文件生成配置bean，然而你为了省事，想继续复用application-context.xml，@ImportResource粉墨登场
application-context.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans ...">
<bean id="u1" class="com.cyan.boot.bean.User">
<property name="name" value="gress"></property>
<property name="age" value="18"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="u2" class="com.cyan.boot.bean.Pet">
<property name="name" value="tomcat"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
使用方法
@ImportResource("classpath:application-context.xml")
public class MyConfig {
...
}
代码测试
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 返回IOC容器
ConfigurableApplicationContext run = SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);
boolean u1 = run.containsBean("u1");
boolean u2 = run.containsBean("u2");
System.out.println("u1："+u1); // true
System.out.println("u2："+u2); // true
}
11. 底层注解-@ConfigurationProperties配置绑定
11.1 场景需求
使用Java读取到properties文件中的内容，并且把它封装到JavaBean中，以供随时使用
11.2 传统方式
public class getProperties {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
Properties pps = new Properties();
pps.load(new FileInputStream("xx.properties"));
Enumeration enum1 = pps.propertyNames();//得到配置文件的名字
while(enum1.hasMoreElements()) {
String strKey = (String) enum1.nextElement();
String strValue = pps.getProperty(strKey);
System.out.println(strKey + "=" + strValue);
//封装到JavaBean。
}
}
}
11.3 SpringBoot配置绑定
11.3.1 第1种配置绑定
@ConfigurationProperties + @Component
配置文件 application.properties
mycar.brand=BYD
mycar.price=100000
[只有在容器中的组件，才会拥有SpringBoot提供的强大功能]
实体类 Car
@Component // 组件注入容器中
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mycar")
public class Car {
...
}
控制器方法
@RestController
public class CarController {
@Autowired
private Car car;
@RequestMapping("/car")
public Car car() {
return car;
}
}
测试结果
前端页面读取到配置文件信息
11.3.2 第2种配置绑定
@EnableConfigurationProperties + @ConfigurationProperties
只能在配置类里面写
- 开启Car配置绑定功能
- 把这个Car这个组件自动注册到容器中
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(Car.class)
public class MyConfig {
...
}
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mycar")
public class Car {
...
}
12. 自动配置原理
12.1 自动包规则原理
12.1.1 Spring Boot应用的启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);
}
}
12.1.2 分析 @SpringBootApplication
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
excludeFilters = {@Filter(
type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {
...
}
重点分析@SpringBootConfiguration，@EnableAutoConfiguration，@ComponentScan。
12.1.3 分析 @SpringBootConfiguration
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
@AliasFor(
annotation = Configuration.class
)
boolean proxyBeanMethods() default true;
}
@Configuration代表当前是一个配置类。
12.1.4 分析 @ComponentScan
指定扫描哪些Spring注解。
12.1.5 @EnableAutoConfiguration
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {
String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration";
Class<?>[] exclude() default {};
String[] excludeName() default {};
}
重点分析@AutoConfigurationPackage，@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)。
@AutoConfigurationPackage
标签名直译为：自动配置包，指定了默认的包规则。
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)//给容器中导入一个组件
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {
String[] basePackages() default {};
Class<?>[] basePackageClasses() default {};
}
- 利用
Registrar给容器中导入一系列组件 - 将指定的一个包下的所有组件导入进
MainApplication所在包下。
12.2 初始加载自动配置类
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
- 利用
getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);给容器中批量导入一些组件 - 调用
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes)获取到所有需要导入到容器中的配置类 - 利用工厂加载
Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader)；得到所有的组件 - 从
META-INF/spring.factories位置来加载一个文件。- 默认扫描我们当前系统里面所有
META-INF/spring.factories位置的文件 spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.4.RELEASE.jar包里面也有META-INF/spring.factories
- 默认扫描我们当前系统里面所有
# 文件里面写死了spring-boot一启动就要给容器中加载的所有配置类
# spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.4.RELEASE.jar/META-INF/spring.factories
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration
虽然我们127个场景的所有自动配置启动的时候默认全部加载，但是xxxxAutoConfiguration按照条件装配规则（@Conditional），最终会按需配置。
如AopAutoConfiguration类：
@Configuration(
proxyBeanMethods = false
)
@ConditionalOnProperty(
prefix = "spring.aop",
name = "auto",
havingValue = "true",
matchIfMissing = true
)
public class AopAutoConfiguration {
public AopAutoConfiguration() {
}
...
}
12.3 自动配置流程
@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class) // 容器中有这个类型组件
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME)// 容器中没有这个名字 multipartResolver 的组件
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {
// 给@Bean标注的方法传入了对象参数，这个参数的值就会从容器中找。
// SpringMVC multipartResolver。防止有些用户配置的文件上传解析器不符合规范
// Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly
return resolver;
}
给容器中加入了文件上传解析器；
SpringBoot默认会在底层配好所有的组件。但是如果用户自己配置了以用户的优先
总结：
-
SpringBoot先加载所有的自动配置类 xxxxxAutoConfiguration
-
每个自动配置类按照条件进行生效，默认都会绑定配置文件指定的值。xxxxProperties里面拿。xxxProperties和配置文件进行了绑定
-
生效的配置类就会给容器中装配很多组件
-
只要容器中有这些组件，相当于这些功能就有了
-
定制化配置
-
- 用户直接自己
@Bean替换底层的组件 - 用户去看这个组件是获取的配置文件什么值就去修改。
- 用户直接自己
修改默认配置
xxxxxAutoConfiguration —> 组件 —> xxxxProperties里面拿值 ----> application.properties
xxxAutoConfiguration 中导入了很多的组件，然后这些组件从 xxxProperties 中拿到对应的默认值，然后 xxxProperties 是从 application.properties 配置文件中获取的值，所以一般情况下我们只要改配置文件，就可以修改所有的默认行为。
13. 最佳实践
13.1 SpringBoot应用编写
-
引入场景依赖
-
查看自动配置为我们配置了什么（分析源码）
-
自己分析，引入场景对应的自动配置一般都生效
-
配置文件中
debug=true开启自动配置报告。- Negative（不生效）
- Positive（生效）
-
- 是否需要修改
- 参照文档修改配置项
- 官方文档
- 自己分析。xxxxProperties绑定了配置文件的哪些。
- 自定义加入或者替换组件
- @Bean、@Component…
- 自定义器 XXXXXCustomizer；
- 参照文档修改配置项
13.2 Lombok简化开发
spring boot已经管理Lombok。引入依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
IDEA中File->Settings->Plugins，搜索安装Lombok插件。
@Data
@ToString
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@EqualsAndHashCode
// 注入日志
@Slf4j
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String handle(@RequestParam("name") String name){
log.info("请求进来了....");
return "Hello, Spring Boot 2!"+"你好："+name;
}
}
13.3 dev-tools[自动重启Restart] 不建议
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在IDEA中，项目或者页面修改以后：Ctrl+F9。
Reload （付费）
JRebel
14. 配置文件
14.1 yaml的用法
yml的优先级会大于properties，所以如果同时存在这两种配置，因为properties是后加载的，所以此时yml就没有生效
14.1.1 基本语法
key: value；kv之间有空格
- 大小写敏感
- 使用缩进表示层级关系
- 缩进不允许使用tab，只允许空格
- 缩进的空格数不重要，只要相同层级的元素左对齐即可
- '#'表示注释
- 字符串无需加引号，如果要加，''与""表示字符串内容 会被 转义/不转义
注：
单引号：会将
\n作为字符串输出双引号：会将
\n作为换行输出单引号会转义，双引号不会转义
14.1.2 数据类型
- 字面量：单个的、不可再分的值。date、boolean、string、number、null
k: v
- 对象：键值对的集合。map、hash、set、object
行内写法： k: {k1:v1,k2:v2,k3:v3}
#或
k:
k1: v1
k2: v2
k3: v3
- 数组：一组按次序排列的值。array、list、queue
行内写法： k: [v1,v2,v3]
#或者
k:
- v1
- v2
- v3
14.1.3 案例分析
Person
@Data
@ToString
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
public class Person {
private String userName;
private Boolean boss;
private Date birth;
private Integer age;
private Pet pet;
private String[] interests;
private List<String> animal;
private Map<String, Object> score;
private Set<Double> salarys;
private Map<String, List<Pet>> allPets;
}
Pet
@Data
public class Pet {
private String name;
private Double weight;
}
application.yml
person:
userName: zhangsan
boss: false
birth: 2019/12/12 20:12:33
age: 18
pet:
name: tomcat
weight: 23.4
interests: [篮球,游泳]
animal:
- jerry
- mario
score:
english:
first: 30
second: 40
third: 50
math: [131,140,148]
chinese: {first: 128,second: 136}
salarys: [3999,4999.98,5999.99]
allPets:
sick:
- {name: tom}
- {name: jerry,weight: 47}
health: [{name: mario,weight: 47}]
控制器方法
@RestController
public class PersonController {
@Autowired
private Person person;
@RequestMapping("/person")
public Person person() {
return person;
}
}
14.2 自定义类绑定的配置提示
You can easily generate your own configuration metadata file from items annotated with
@ConfigurationPropertiesby using thespring-boot-configuration-processorjar. The jar includes a Java annotation processor which is invoked as your project is compiled.——link
自定义的类和配置文件绑定一般没有提示。若要提示，添加如下依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<!-- 下面插件作用是工程打包时，不将spring-boot-configuration-processor打进包内，让其只在编码的时候有用 -->
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<excludes>
<exclude>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
</exclude>
</excludes>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
15. web场景
15.1 web开发简介
Spring Boot provides auto-configuration for Spring MVC that works well with most applications.(大多场景我们都无需自定义配置)
The auto-configuration adds the following features on top of Spring’s defaults:
-
Inclusion of
ContentNegotiatingViewResolverandBeanNameViewResolverbeans.- 内容协商视图解析器和BeanName视图解析器
-
Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (covered later in this document)).
- 静态资源（包括webjars）
-
Automatic registration of
Converter,GenericConverter, andFormatterbeans.- 自动注册
Converter，GenericConverter，Formatter
- 自动注册
-
Support for
HttpMessageConverters(covered later in this document).- 支持
HttpMessageConverters（后来我们配合内容协商理解原理）
- 支持
-
Automatic registration of
MessageCodesResolver(covered later in this document).- 自动注册
MessageCodesResolver（国际化用）
- 自动注册
-
Static
index.htmlsupport.- 静态index.html 页支持
-
Custom
Faviconsupport (covered later in this document).- 自定义
Favicon
- 自定义
-
Automatic use of a
ConfigurableWebBindingInitializerbean (covered later in this document).- 自动使用
ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer，（DataBinder负责将请求数据绑定到JavaBean上）
- 自动使用
If you want to keep those Spring Boot MVC customizations and make more MVC customizations (interceptors, formatters, view controllers, and other features), you can add your own
@Configurationclass of typeWebMvcConfigurerbut without@EnableWebMvc.不用@EnableWebMvc注解。使用
@Configuration+WebMvcConfigurer自定义规则
If you want to provide custom instances of
RequestMappingHandlerMapping,RequestMappingHandlerAdapter, orExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver, and still keep the Spring Boot MVC customizations, you can declare a bean of typeWebMvcRegistrationsand use it to provide custom instances of those components.声明
WebMvcRegistrations改变默认底层组件
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own
@Configurationannotated with@EnableWebMvc, or alternatively add your own@Configuration-annotatedDelegatingWebMvcConfigurationas described in the Javadoc of@EnableWebMvc.使用
@EnableWebMvc+@Configuration+DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration 全面接管SpringMVC
15.2 静态资源规则与定制化
15.2.1 静态资源目录
只要静态资源放在类路径下： called /static (or /public or /resources or /META-INF/resources
访问 ： 当前项目根路径/ + 静态资源名
原理： 静态映射/**。
请求进来，先去找Controller看能不能处理。不能处理的所有请求又都交给静态资源处理器。静态资源也找不到则响应404页面
改变默认的静态资源路径
spring:
mvc:
static-path-pattern: /res/**
resources:
static-locations: [classpath:/haha/]
#localhost:8080/res/zhifubao.png
15.2.2 静态资源访问前缀
默认无前缀
spring:
mvc:
static-path-pattern: /res/**
当前项目 + static-path-pattern + 静态资源名 = 静态资源文件夹下找
15.2.3 webjar
可用jar方式添加css，js等资源文件，
例如，添加jquery
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.5.1</version>
</dependency>
访问地址：http://localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js 后面地址要按照依赖里面的包路径。
15.3 welcome与favicon功能
15.3.1 欢迎页支持
-
静态资源路径下 index.html。
- 可以配置静态资源路径
- 但是不可以配置静态资源的访问前缀。否则导致 index.html不能被默认访问
spring:
# mvc:
# static-path-pattern: /res/** 这个会导致welcome page功能失效
resources:
static-locations: [classpath:/haha/]
- controller能处理/index
15.3.2 自定义Favicon
- 指网页标签上的小图标。
- favicon.ico 放在静态资源目录下即可。
spring:
# mvc:
# static-path-pattern: /res/** 这个会导致 Favicon 功能失效
15.4 静态资源原理
- SpringBoot启动默认加载
xxxAutoConfiguration类（自动配置类） - SpringMVC功能的自动配置类
WebMvcAutoConfiguration，生效
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class,
ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
...
}
给容器中配置的内容：
- 配置文件的相关属性的绑定：WebMvcProperties 绑定 spring.mvc、ResourceProperties 绑定spring.resources
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties({ WebMvcProperties.class, ResourceProperties.class })
@Order(0)
public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter implements WebMvcConfigurer {
...
}
[补充：配置类只有一个有参构造器]
- ResourceProperties resourceProperties；获取和spring.resources绑定的所有的值的对象
- WebMvcProperties mvcProperties 获取和spring.mvc绑定的所有的值的对象
- ListableBeanFactory beanFactory Spring的beanFactory
- HttpMessageConverters 找到所有的HttpMessageConverters
- ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer 找到 资源处理器的自定义器。
- DispatcherServletPath
- ServletRegistrationBean 给应用注册Servlet、Filter…
// 有参构造器所有参数的值都会从容器中确定
public WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter(WebProperties webProperties, WebMvcProperties mvcProperties,
ListableBeanFactory beanFactory, ObjectProvider<HttpMessageConverters> messageConvertersProvider,
ObjectProvider<ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer> resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider,
ObjectProvider<DispatcherServletPath> dispatcherServletPath,
ObjectProvider<ServletRegistrationBean<?>> servletRegistrations) {
this.mvcProperties = mvcProperties;
this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
this.messageConvertersProvider = messageConvertersProvider;
this.resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer = resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider.getIfAvailable();
this.dispatcherServletPath = dispatcherServletPath;
this.servletRegistrations = servletRegistrations;
this.mvcProperties.checkConfiguration();
}
15.4.1 资源处理的默认规则
...
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
...
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration implements ResourceLoaderAware {
...
@Override
protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
super.addResourceHandlers(registry);
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
return;
}
ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
addResourceHandler(registry, "/webjars/**", "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/");
addResourceHandler(registry, this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(), (registration) -> {
registration.addResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations());
if (servletContext != null) {
registration.addResourceLocations(new ServletContextResource(servletContext, SERVLET_LOCATION));
}
});
}
...
}
...
}
配置禁止所有静态资源规则
spring:
resources:
add-mappings: false #禁用所有静态资源规则
15.4.2 静态资源规则
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties {
private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = { "classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" };
/**
* Locations of static resources. Defaults to classpath:[/META-INF/resources/,
* /resources/, /static/, /public/].
*/
private String[] staticLocations = CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;
...
}
15.4.3 欢迎页的处理规则
...
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
...
public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration implements ResourceLoaderAware {
...
@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ApplicationContext applicationContext,
FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService, ResourceUrlProvider mvcResourceUrlProvider) {
WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping = new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(
new TemplateAvailabilityProviders(applicationContext), applicationContext, getWelcomePage(),
this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
welcomePageHandlerMapping.setInterceptors(getInterceptors(mvcConversionService, mvcResourceUrlProvider));
welcomePageHandlerMapping.setCorsConfigurations(getCorsConfigurations());
return welcomePageHandlerMapping;
}
WelcomePageHandlerMapping的构造方法如下：
WelcomePageHandlerMapping(TemplateAvailabilityProviders templateAvailabilityProviders,
ApplicationContext applicationContext, Resource welcomePage, String staticPathPattern) {
if (welcomePage != null && "/**".equals(staticPathPattern)) {
//要用欢迎页功能，必须是/**
logger.info("Adding welcome page: " + welcomePage);
setRootViewName("forward:index.html");
}
else if (welcomeTemplateExists(templateAvailabilityProviders, applicationContext)) {
//调用Controller /index
logger.info("Adding welcome page template: index");
setRootViewName("index");
}
}
这构造方法内的代码也解释了web场景-welcome与favicon功能中配置static-path-pattern了，welcome页面和小图标失效的问题。
16. 请求处理
16.1 Rest映射及源码解析
16.1.1 请求映射
-
@xxxMapping;
- @GetMapping
- @PostMapping
- @PutMapping
- @DeleteMapping
-
Rest风格支持（使用HTTP请求方式动词来表示对资源的操作）
- 以前：
- /getUser 获取用户
- /deleteUser 删除用户
- /editUser 修改用户
- /saveUser保存用户
- 现在： /user
- GET-获取用户
- DELETE-删除用户
- PUT-修改用户
- POST-保存用户
- 核心Filter；HiddenHttpMethodFilter
- 以前：
用法
- 开启页面表单的Rest功能
spring:
mvc:
hiddenmethod:
filter:
enabled: true #开启页面表单的Rest功能
- 页面 form的属性method=post，隐藏域 _method=put、delete等（如果直接get或post，无需隐藏域）
<form action="/user" method="get">
<input value="REST-GET提交" type="submit" />
</form>
<form action="/user" method="post">
<input value="REST-POST提交" type="submit" />
</form>
<form action="/user" method="post">
<input name="_method" type="hidden" value="DELETE"/>
<input value="REST-DELETE 提交" type="submit"/>
</form>
<form action="/user" method="post">
<input name="_method" type="hidden" value="PUT" />
<input value="REST-PUT提交"type="submit" />
<form>
- 编写请求映射
@GetMapping("/user")
//@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String getUser(){
return "GET-张三";
}
@PostMapping("/user")
//@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String saveUser(){
return "POST-张三";
}
@PutMapping("/user")
//@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String putUser(){
return "PUT-张三";
}
@DeleteMapping("/user")
//@RequestMapping(value = "/user",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String deleteUser(){
return "DELETE-张三";
}
16.1.2 Rest原理
- 表单提交会带上
\_method=PUT - 请求过来被
HiddenHttpMethodFilter拦截- 请求是否正常，并且是
POST- 获取到
\_method的值。 - 兼容以下请求:PUT.DELETE.PATCH
- 原生request（post），包装模式requesWrapper重写了getMethod方法，返回的是传入的值。
- 过滤器链放行的时候用wrapper。以后的方法调用getMethod是调用requesWrapper的。
- 获取到
- 请求是否正常，并且是
public class HiddenHttpMethodFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private static final List<String> ALLOWED_METHODS =
Collections.unmodifiableList(Arrays.asList(HttpMethod.PUT.name(),
HttpMethod.DELETE.name(), HttpMethod.PATCH.name()));
/** Default method parameter: {@code _method}. */
public static final String DEFAULT_METHOD_PARAM = "_method";
private String methodParam = DEFAULT_METHOD_PARAM;
/**
* Set the parameter name to look for HTTP methods.
* @see #DEFAULT_METHOD_PARAM
*/
public void setMethodParam(String methodParam) {
Assert.hasText(methodParam, "'methodParam' must not be empty");
this.methodParam = methodParam;
}
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpServletRequest requestToUse = request;
if ("POST".equals(request.getMethod()) && request.getAttribute(WebUtils.ERROR_EXCEPTION_ATTRIBUTE) == null) {
String paramValue = request.getParameter(this.methodParam);
if (StringUtils.hasLength(paramValue)) {
String method = paramValue.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
if (ALLOWED_METHODS.contains(method)) {
requestToUse = new HttpMethodRequestWrapper(request, method);
}
}
}
filterChain.doFilter(requestToUse, response);
}
/**
* Simple {@link HttpServletRequest} wrapper that returns the supplied method for
* {@link HttpServletRequest#getMethod()}.
*/
private static class HttpMethodRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {
private final String method;
public HttpMethodRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request, String method) {
super(request);
this.method = method;
}
@Override
public String getMethod() {
return this.method;
}
}
}
Rest使用客户端工具。
- 如PostMan可直接发送put、delete等方式请求，无需Filter
16.1.3 改变默认的_method
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class,
ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
...
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc.hiddenmethod.filter", name = "enabled", matchIfMissing = false)
public OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter() {
return new OrderedHiddenHttpMethodFilter();
}
...
}
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.class)意味着在没有HiddenHttpMethodFilter时，才执行hiddenHttpMethodFilter()。因此，我们可以自定义filter，改变默认的\_method。
根据源码，了解到有set方法，
public class HiddenHttpMethodFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private static final List<String> ALLOWED_METHODS;
public static final String DEFAULT_METHOD_PARAM = "_method";
private String methodParam = "_method";
public HiddenHttpMethodFilter() {
}
public void setMethodParam(String methodParam) {
Assert.hasText(methodParam, "'methodParam' must not be empty");
this.methodParam = methodParam;
}
...
}
举例，
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class WebConfig{
//自定义filter
@Bean
public HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter(){
HiddenHttpMethodFilter methodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();
methodFilter.setMethodParam("_m");
return methodFilter;
}
}
将\_method改成_m，原先的_method暂时失效。
<form action="/user" method="post">
<input name="_m" type="hidden" value="DELETE"/>
<input value="REST-DELETE 提交" type="submit"/>
</form>
16.2 请求映射原理
SpringMVC功能分析都从 org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet -> doDispatch()
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
// 找到当前请求使用哪个Handler（Controller的方法）处理
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
//HandlerMapping：处理器映射。/xxx->>xxxx
...
}
getHandler()方法如下：
@Nullable
protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
if (this.handlerMappings != null) {
for (HandlerMapping mapping : this.handlerMappings) {
HandlerExecutionChain handler = mapping.getHandler(request);
if (handler != null) {
return handler;
}
}
}
return null;
}
RequestMappingHandlerMapping：保存了所有@RequestMapping 和handler的映射规则。保存了所有@RequestMapping 和handler的映射规则。
所有的请求映射都在HandlerMapping中：
-
SpringBoot自动配置欢迎页的
WelcomePageHandlerMapping。访问/能访问到index.html； -
SpringBoot自动配置了默认的
RequestMappingHandlerMapping -
请求进来，挨个尝试所有的
HandlerMapping看是否有请求信息。- 如果有就找到这个请求对应的handler
- 如果没有就是下一个 HandlerMapping
-
需要一些自定义的映射处理，也可以给容器中放HandlerMapping。自定义 HandlerMapping
IDEA快捷键：
- Ctrl + Alt + U : 以UML的类图展现类有哪些继承类，派生类以及实现哪些接口。
- Crtl + Alt + Shift + U : 同上，区别在于上条快捷键结果在新页展现，而本条快捷键结果在弹窗展现。
- Ctrl + H : 以树形方式展现类层次结构图。
16.3 常用参数注解使用
注解
@PathVariable路径变量@RequestHeader获取请求头@RequestParam获取请求参数（指问号后的参数，url?a=1&b=2）@CookieValue获取Cookie值@RequestAttribute获取request域属性@RequestBody获取请求体[POST]@MatrixVariable矩阵变量@ModelAttribute
案例分析
@RestController
public class ParameterTestController {
// car/2/owner/zhangsan
@GetMapping("/car/{id}/owner/{username}")
public Map<String,Object> getCar(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,
@PathVariable("username") String name,
@PathVariable Map<String,String> pv,
@RequestHeader("User-Agent") String userAgent,
@RequestHeader Map<String,String> header,
@RequestParam("age") Integer age,
@RequestParam("inters") List<String> inters,
@RequestParam Map<String,String> params,
@CookieValue("_ga") String _ga,
@CookieValue("_ga") Cookie cookie){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
// map.put("id",id);
// map.put("name",name);
// map.put("pv",pv);
// map.put("userAgent",userAgent);
// map.put("headers",header);
map.put("age",age);
map.put("inters",inters);
map.put("params",params);
map.put("_ga",_ga);
System.out.println(cookie.getName()+"===>"+cookie.getValue());
return map;
}
@PostMapping("/save")
public Map postMethod(@RequestBody String content){
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("content",content);
return map;
}
}
@RequestAttribute
@Controller
public class RequestController {
@GetMapping("/goto")
public String goToPage(HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("msg","成功了...");
request.setAttribute("code",200);
return "forward:/success"; //转发到 /success请求
}
@GetMapping("/params")
public String testParam(Map<String,Object> map,
Model model,
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response){
map.put("hello","world666");
model.addAttribute("world","hello666");
request.setAttribute("message","HelloWorld");
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("c1","v1");
response.addCookie(cookie);
return "forward:/success";
}
// @RequestAttribute在这个方法
@ResponseBody
@GetMapping("/success")
public Map success(@RequestAttribute(value = "msg",required = false) String msg,
@RequestAttribute(value = "code",required = false)Integer code,
HttpServletRequest request){
Object msg1 = request.getAttribute("msg");
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
Object hello = request.getAttribute("hello");
Object world = request.getAttribute("world");
Object message = request.getAttribute("message");
map.put("reqMethod_msg",msg1);
map.put("annotation_msg",msg);
map.put("hello",hello);
map.put("world",world);
map.put("message",message);
return map;
}
}
16.4 矩阵变量@MatrixVariable
16.4.1 场景模拟
场景：页面开发中，cookie被禁用，session里面的内容如何使用？
原因：session.set(a,b)–>jsessionid–>cookie–>每次发请求携带
url重写：/abc;jsessionid=xxxx 把cookie的值使用矩阵变量的方式进行传毒
/cars/{path}?xxx=xxx&aaa=aaa queryString 查询字符串 @RequestParam
/cars/{path;low=34;brand=byd} 矩阵变量
16.4.2 在SpringBoot使用矩阵变量
-
SpringBoot默认是禁用了矩阵变量的功能
- 手动开启：原理。对于路径的处理。
UrlPathHelper的removeSemicolonContent设置为false，让其支持矩阵变量的。
- 手动开启：原理。对于路径的处理。
-
矩阵变量必须有url路径变量才能被解析
手动开启矩阵变量
- 实现
WebMvcConfigurer接口：
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void configurePathMatch(PathMatchConfigurer configurer) {
UrlPathHelper urlPathHelper = new UrlPathHelper();
// 不移除；后面的内容。矩阵变量功能就可以生效
urlPathHelper.setRemoveSemicolonContent(false);
configurer.setUrlPathHelper(urlPathHelper);
}
}
- 创建返回
WebMvcConfigurerBean：
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class WebConfig{
@Bean
public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer(){
return new WebMvcConfigurer() {
@Override
public void configurePathMatch(PathMatchConfigurer configurer) {
UrlPathHelper urlPathHelper = new UrlPathHelper();
// 不移除；后面的内容。矩阵变量功能就可以生效
urlPathHelper.setRemoveSemicolonContent(false);
configurer.setUrlPathHelper(urlPathHelper);
}
}
}
}
16.5 各种类型参数解析原理[源码分析]
这要从DispatcherServlet开始说起：
public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
// Determine handler for the current request.
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
if (mappedHandler == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
...
HandlerMapping中找到能处理请求的Handler（Controller.method()）。- 为当前Handler 找一个适配器
HandlerAdapter，用的最多的是RequestMappingHandlerAdapter。 - 适配器执行目标方法并确定方法参数的每一个值。
16.5.1 HandlerAdapter
默认会加载所有HandlerAdapter
public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
/** Detect all HandlerAdapters or just expect "handlerAdapter" bean?. */
private boolean detectAllHandlerAdapters = true;
...
private void initHandlerAdapters(ApplicationContext context) {
this.handlerAdapters = null;
if (this.detectAllHandlerAdapters) {
// Find all HandlerAdapters in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
Map<String, HandlerAdapter> matchingBeans =
BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerAdapter.class, true, false);
if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
this.handlerAdapters = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
// We keep HandlerAdapters in sorted order.
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerAdapters);
}
}
...
有这些HandlerAdapter：
-
支持方法上标注
@RequestMapping -
支持函数式编程的
16.5.2 执行目标方法
public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv = null;
...
// Determine handler for the current request.
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
if (mappedHandler == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
...
//本节重点
// Actually invoke the handler.
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
HandlerAdapter接口实现类RequestMappingHandlerAdapter（主要用来处理@RequestMapping）
public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter extends AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
...
//AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter类的方法，RequestMappingHandlerAdapter继承AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
public final ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
return handleInternal(request, response, (HandlerMethod) handler);
}
@Override
protected ModelAndView handleInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mav;
//handleInternal的核心
mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);//解释看下节
//...
return mav;
}
}
16.5.3 参数解析器
确定将要执行的目标方法的每一个参数的值是什么;
SpringMVC目标方法能写多少种参数类型。取决于参数解析器argumentResolvers。
@Nullable
protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
try {
WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory = getDataBinderFactory(handlerMethod);
ModelFactory modelFactory = getModelFactory(handlerMethod, binderFactory);
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
if (this.argumentResolvers != null) {//<-----关注点
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
}
...
this.argumentResolvers在afterPropertiesSet()方法内初始化
public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter extends AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
@Nullable
private HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite argumentResolvers;
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
...
if (this.argumentResolvers == null) {//初始化argumentResolvers
List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = getDefaultArgumentResolvers();
this.argumentResolvers = new HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite().addResolvers(resolvers);
}
...
}
//初始化了一堆的实现HandlerMethodArgumentResolver接口的
private List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> getDefaultArgumentResolvers() {
List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> resolvers = new ArrayList<>(30);
// Annotation-based argument resolution
resolvers.add(new RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver(getBeanFactory(), false));
resolvers.add(new RequestParamMapMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new PathVariableMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new PathVariableMapMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new MatrixVariableMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new MatrixVariableMapMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor(false));
resolvers.add(new RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(), this.requestResponseBodyAdvice));
resolvers.add(new RequestPartMethodArgumentResolver(getMessageConverters(), this.requestResponseBodyAdvice));
resolvers.add(new RequestHeaderMethodArgumentResolver(getBeanFactory()));
resolvers.add(new RequestHeaderMapMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new ServletCookieValueMethodArgumentResolver(getBeanFactory()));
resolvers.add(new ExpressionValueMethodArgumentResolver(getBeanFactory()));
resolvers.add(new SessionAttributeMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new RequestAttributeMethodArgumentResolver());
// Type-based argument resolution
resolvers.add(new ServletRequestMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new ServletResponseMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new HttpEntityMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(), this.requestResponseBodyAdvice));
resolvers.add(new RedirectAttributesMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new ModelMethodProcessor());
resolvers.add(new MapMethodProcessor());
resolvers.add(new ErrorsMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new SessionStatusMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new UriComponentsBuilderMethodArgumentResolver());
if (KotlinDetector.isKotlinPresent()) {
resolvers.add(new ContinuationHandlerMethodArgumentResolver());
}
// Custom arguments
if (getCustomArgumentResolvers() != null) {
resolvers.addAll(getCustomArgumentResolvers());
}
// Catch-all
resolvers.add(new PrincipalMethodArgumentResolver());
resolvers.add(new RequestParamMethodArgumentResolver(getBeanFactory(), true));
resolvers.add(new ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor(true));
return resolvers;
}
}
HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite类如下：（众多参数解析器argumentResolvers的包装类）。
public class HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite implements HandlerMethodArgumentResolver {
private final List<HandlerMethodArgumentResolver> argumentResolvers = new ArrayList<>();
...
public HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite addResolvers(
@Nullable HandlerMethodArgumentResolver... resolvers) {
if (resolvers != null) {
Collections.addAll(this.argumentResolvers, resolvers);
}
return this;
}
...
}
我们看看HandlerMethodArgumentResolver的源码：
public interface HandlerMethodArgumentResolver {
//当前解析器是否支持解析这种参数
boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter);
@Nullable//如果支持，就调用 resolveArgument
Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception;
}
16.5.4 返回值处理器
ValueHandler
@Nullable
protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
try {
WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory = getDataBinderFactory(handlerMethod);
ModelFactory modelFactory = getModelFactory(handlerMethod, binderFactory);
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
if (this.argumentResolvers != null) {
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
}
if (this.returnValueHandlers != null) {//<---关注点
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers(this.returnValueHandlers);
}
...
this.returnValueHandlers在afterPropertiesSet()方法内初始化
public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter extends AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
@Nullable
private HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite returnValueHandlers;
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
...
if (this.returnValueHandlers == null) {
List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = getDefaultReturnValueHandlers();
this.returnValueHandlers = new HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite().addHandlers(handlers);
}
}
//初始化了一堆的实现HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler接口的
private List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> getDefaultReturnValueHandlers() {
List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = new ArrayList<>(20);
// Single-purpose return value types
handlers.add(new ModelAndViewMethodReturnValueHandler());
handlers.add(new ModelMethodProcessor());
handlers.add(new ViewMethodReturnValueHandler());
handlers.add(new ResponseBodyEmitterReturnValueHandler(getMessageConverters(),
this.reactiveAdapterRegistry, this.taskExecutor, this.contentNegotiationManager));
handlers.add(new StreamingResponseBodyReturnValueHandler());
handlers.add(new HttpEntityMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(),
this.contentNegotiationManager, this.requestResponseBodyAdvice));
handlers.add(new HttpHeadersReturnValueHandler());
handlers.add(new CallableMethodReturnValueHandler());
handlers.add(new DeferredResultMethodReturnValueHandler());
handlers.add(new AsyncTaskMethodReturnValueHandler(this.beanFactory));
// Annotation-based return value types
handlers.add(new ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor(false));
handlers.add(new RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(),
this.contentNegotiationManager, this.requestResponseBodyAdvice));
// Multi-purpose return value types
handlers.add(new ViewNameMethodReturnValueHandler());
handlers.add(new MapMethodProcessor());
// Custom return value types
if (getCustomReturnValueHandlers() != null) {
handlers.addAll(getCustomReturnValueHandlers());
}
// Catch-all
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(getModelAndViewResolvers())) {
handlers.add(new ModelAndViewResolverMethodReturnValueHandler(getModelAndViewResolvers()));
}
else {
handlers.add(new ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor(true));
}
return handlers;
}
}
HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite类如下：
public class HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite implements HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler {
private final List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> returnValueHandlers = new ArrayList<>();
...
public HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite addHandlers(
@Nullable List<? extends HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers) {
if (handlers != null) {
this.returnValueHandlers.addAll(handlers);
}
return this;
}
}
HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler接口：
public interface HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler {
boolean supportsReturnType(MethodParameter returnType);
void handleReturnValue(@Nullable Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest) throws Exception;
}
16.5.5 回顾执行目标方法
public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
...
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv = null;
...
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的handle()方法：
public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter extends AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
...
//AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter类的方法，RequestMappingHandlerAdapter继承AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
public final ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
return handleInternal(request, response, (HandlerMethod) handler);
}
@Override
protected ModelAndView handleInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mav;
//handleInternal的核心
mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);//解释看下节
//...
return mav;
}
}
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter的invokeHandlerMethod()方法：
public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter extends AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
try {
...
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
if (this.argumentResolvers != null) {
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
}
if (this.returnValueHandlers != null) {
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers(this.returnValueHandlers);
}
...
//关注点：执行目标方法
invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return null;
}
return getModelAndView(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);
}
finally {
webRequest.requestCompleted();
}
}
invokeAndHandle()方法如下：
public class ServletInvocableHandlerMethod extends InvocableHandlerMethod {
public void invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest webRequest, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
...
try {
//returnValue存储起来
this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(
returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
...
}
}
@Nullable//InvocableHandlerMethod类的，ServletInvocableHandlerMethod类继承InvocableHandlerMethod类
public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
获取方法的参数值
Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
...
return doInvoke(args);
}
@Nullable
protected Object doInvoke(Object... args) throws Exception {
Method method = getBridgedMethod();//@RequestMapping的方法
ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(method);
try {
if (KotlinDetector.isSuspendingFunction(method)) {
return CoroutinesUtils.invokeSuspendingFunction(method, getBean(), args);
}
//通过反射调用
return method.invoke(getBean(), args);//getBean()指@RequestMapping的方法所在类的对象。
}
catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
...
}
catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
...
}
}
}
16.5.6 如何确定目标方法每一个参数的值
重点分析ServletInvocableHandlerMethod的getMethodArgumentValues方法
public class ServletInvocableHandlerMethod extends InvocableHandlerMethod {
...
@Nullable//InvocableHandlerMethod类的，ServletInvocableHandlerMethod类继承InvocableHandlerMethod类
public Object invokeForRequest(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
获取方法的参数值
Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
...
return doInvoke(args);
}
//本节重点，获取方法的参数值
protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(parameters)) {
return EMPTY_ARGS;
}
Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];
for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
args[i] = findProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);
if (args[i] != null) {
continue;
}
//查看resolvers是否有支持
if (!this.resolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(formatArgumentError(parameter, "No suitable resolver"));
}
try {
//支持的话就开始解析吧
args[i] = this.resolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
....
}
}
return args;
}
}
this.resolvers的类型为HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite（在参数解析器章节提及）
public class HandlerMethodArgumentResolverComposite implements HandlerMethodArgumentResolver {
@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
return getArgumentResolver(parameter) != null;
}
@Override
@Nullable
public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
HandlerMethodArgumentResolver resolver = getArgumentResolver(parameter);
if (resolver == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported parameter type [" +
parameter.getParameterType().getName() + "]. supportsParameter should be called first.");
}
return resolver.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, webRequest, binderFactory);
}
@Nullable
private HandlerMethodArgumentResolver getArgumentResolver(MethodParameter parameter) {
HandlerMethodArgumentResolver result = this.argumentResolverCache.get(parameter);
if (result == null) {
//挨个判断所有参数解析器那个支持解析这个参数
for (HandlerMethodArgumentResolver resolver : this.argumentResolvers) {
if (resolver.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
result = resolver;
this.argumentResolverCache.put(parameter, result);//找到了，resolver就缓存起来，方便稍后resolveArgument()方法使用
break;
}
}
}
return result;
}
}
16.5.7 小结
本节描述，一个请求发送到DispatcherServlet后的具体处理流程，也就是SpringMVC的主要原理。
本节内容较多且硬核，对日后编程很有帮助，需耐心对待。
可以运行一个示例，打断点，在Debug模式下，查看程序流程。
16.6 Servlet API参数解析原理[源码分析]
Servlet API 参数
- WebRequest
- ServletRequest
- MultipartRequest
- HttpSession
- javax.servlet.http.PushBuilder
- Principal
- InputStream
- Reader
- HttpMethod
- Locale
- TimeZone
- ZoneId
ServletRequestMethodArgumentResolver用来处理以上的参数
public class ServletRequestMethodArgumentResolver implements HandlerMethodArgumentResolver {
@Nullable
private static Class<?> pushBuilder;
static {
try {
pushBuilder = ClassUtils.forName("javax.servlet.http.PushBuilder",
ServletRequestMethodArgumentResolver.class.getClassLoader());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
// Servlet 4.0 PushBuilder not found - not supported for injection
pushBuilder = null;
}
}
@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
Class<?> paramType = parameter.getParameterType();
return (WebRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
ServletRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
MultipartRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
HttpSession.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
(pushBuilder != null && pushBuilder.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) ||
(Principal.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) && !parameter.hasParameterAnnotations()) ||
InputStream.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
Reader.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
HttpMethod.class == paramType ||
Locale.class == paramType ||
TimeZone.class == paramType ||
ZoneId.class == paramType);
}
@Override
public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
Class<?> paramType = parameter.getParameterType();
// WebRequest / NativeWebRequest / ServletWebRequest
if (WebRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
if (!paramType.isInstance(webRequest)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Current request is not of type [" + paramType.getName() + "]: " + webRequest);
}
return webRequest;
}
// ServletRequest / HttpServletRequest / MultipartRequest / MultipartHttpServletRequest
if (ServletRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) || MultipartRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
return resolveNativeRequest(webRequest, paramType);
}
// HttpServletRequest required for all further argument types
return resolveArgument(paramType, resolveNativeRequest(webRequest, HttpServletRequest.class));
}
private <T> T resolveNativeRequest(NativeWebRequest webRequest, Class<T> requiredType) {
T nativeRequest = webRequest.getNativeRequest(requiredType);
if (nativeRequest == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Current request is not of type [" + requiredType.getName() + "]: " + webRequest);
}
return nativeRequest;
}
@Nullable
private Object resolveArgument(Class<?> paramType, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
if (HttpSession.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
if (session != null && !paramType.isInstance(session)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Current session is not of type [" + paramType.getName() + "]: " + session);
}
return session;
}
else if (pushBuilder != null && pushBuilder.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
return PushBuilderDelegate.resolvePushBuilder(request, paramType);
}
else if (InputStream.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
InputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
if (inputStream != null && !paramType.isInstance(inputStream)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Request input stream is not of type [" + paramType.getName() + "]: " + inputStream);
}
return inputStream;
}
else if (Reader.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
Reader reader = request.getReader();
if (reader != null && !paramType.isInstance(reader)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Request body reader is not of type [" + paramType.getName() + "]: " + reader);
}
return reader;
}
else if (Principal.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) {
Principal userPrincipal = request.getUserPrincipal();
if (userPrincipal != null && !paramType.isInstance(userPrincipal)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Current user principal is not of type [" + paramType.getName() + "]: " + userPrincipal);
}
return userPrincipal;
}
else if (HttpMethod.class == paramType) {
return HttpMethod.resolve(request.getMethod());
}
else if (Locale.class == paramType) {
return RequestContextUtils.getLocale(request);
}
else if (TimeZone.class == paramType) {
TimeZone timeZone = RequestContextUtils.getTimeZone(request);
return (timeZone != null ? timeZone : TimeZone.getDefault());
}
else if (ZoneId.class == paramType) {
TimeZone timeZone = RequestContextUtils.getTimeZone(request);
return (timeZone != null ? timeZone.toZoneId() : ZoneId.systemDefault());
}
// Should never happen...
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unknown parameter type: " + paramType.getName());
}
/**
* Inner class to avoid a hard dependency on Servlet API 4.0 at runtime.
*/
private static class PushBuilderDelegate {
@Nullable
public static Object resolvePushBuilder(HttpServletRequest request, Class<?> paramType) {
PushBuilder pushBuilder = request.newPushBuilder();
if (pushBuilder != null && !paramType.isInstance(pushBuilder)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Current push builder is not of type [" + paramType.getName() + "]: " + pushBuilder);
}
return pushBuilder;
}
}
}
用例：
@Controller
public class RequestController {
@GetMapping("/goto")
public String goToPage(HttpServletRequest request){
request.setAttribute("msg","成功了...");
request.setAttribute("code",200);
return "forward:/success"; //转发到 /success请求
}
}
16.7 Model、Map原理[源码分析]
16.7.1 复杂参数
-
Map
-
Model（map、model里面的数据会被放在request的请求域 request.setAttribute）
-
Errors/BindingResult
-
RedirectAttributes（ 重定向携带数据）
-
ServletResponse（response）
-
SessionStatus
-
UriComponentsBuilder
-
ServletUriComponentsBuilder
16.7.2 用例
@GetMapping("/params")
public String testParam(Map<String,Object> map,
Model model,
HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response){
//下面三位都是可以给request域中放数据
map.put("hello","world666");
model.addAttribute("world","hello666");
request.setAttribute("message","HelloWorld");
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("c1","v1");
response.addCookie(cookie);
return "forward:/success";
}
@ResponseBody
@GetMapping("/success")
public Map success(@RequestAttribute(value = "msg",required = false) String msg,
@RequestAttribute(value = "code",required = false)Integer code,
HttpServletRequest request){
Object msg1 = request.getAttribute("msg");
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
Object hello = request.getAttribute("hello");//得出testParam方法赋予的值 world666
Object world = request.getAttribute("world");//得出testParam方法赋予的值 hello666
Object message = request.getAttribute("message");//得出testParam方法赋予的值 HelloWorld
map.put("reqMethod_msg",msg1);
map.put("annotation_msg",msg);
map.put("hello",hello);
map.put("world",world);
map.put("message",message);
return map;
}
-
Map<String,Object> map -
Model model -
HttpServletRequest request
上面三位都是可以给request域中放数据，用request.getAttribute()获取
接下来我们看看，Map<String,Object> map与Model model用什么参数处理器。
16.7.3 Map的参数处理器
Map<String,Object> map参数用MapMethodProcessor处理
public class MapMethodProcessor implements HandlerMethodArgumentResolver, HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler {
@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
return (Map.class.isAssignableFrom(parameter.getParameterType()) &&
parameter.getParameterAnnotations().length == 0);
}
@Override
@Nullable
public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
Assert.state(mavContainer != null, "ModelAndViewContainer is required for model exposure");
return mavContainer.getModel();
}
...
}
mavContainer.getModel()如下：
public class ModelAndViewContainer {
...
private final ModelMap defaultModel = new BindingAwareModelMap();
@Nullable
private ModelMap redirectModel;
...
public ModelMap getModel() {
if (useDefaultModel()) {
return this.defaultModel;
}
else {
if (this.redirectModel == null) {
this.redirectModel = new ModelMap();
}
return this.redirectModel;
}
}
private boolean useDefaultModel() {
return (!this.redirectModelScenario || (this.redirectModel == null && !this.ignoreDefaultModelOnRedirect));
}
...
}
16.7.4 Model的参数处理器
Model model用ModelMethodProcessor处理
public class ModelMethodProcessor implements HandlerMethodArgumentResolver, HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler {
@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
return Model.class.isAssignableFrom(parameter.getParameterType());
}
@Override
@Nullable
public Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
Assert.state(mavContainer != null, "ModelAndViewContainer is required for model exposure");
return mavContainer.getModel();
}
...
}
return mavContainer.getModel();这跟MapMethodProcessor的一致
Model也是另一种意义的Map。
16.7.5 Map和Model值获取
接下来看看Map<String,Object> map与Model model值是如何做到用request.getAttribute()获取的。
众所周知，所有的数据都放在 ModelAndView包含要去的页面地址View，还包含Model数据。
先看ModelAndView接下来是如何处理的？
public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
...
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
...
try {
ModelAndView mv = null;
...
// Actually invoke the handler.
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
...
}
catch (Exception ex) {
dispatchException = ex;
}
catch (Throwable err) {
// As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well,
// making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios.
dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", err);
}
//处理分发结果
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
...
}
private void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
@Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv,
@Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception {
...
// Did the handler return a view to render?
if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) {
render(mv, request, response);
...
}
...
}
protected void render(ModelAndView mv, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
...
View view;
String viewName = mv.getViewName();
if (viewName != null) {
// We need to resolve the view name.
view = resolveViewName(viewName, mv.getModelInternal(), locale, request);
if (view == null) {
throw new ServletException("Could not resolve view with name '" + mv.getViewName() +
"' in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
}
else {
// No need to lookup: the ModelAndView object contains the actual View object.
view = mv.getView();
if (view == null) {
throw new ServletException("ModelAndView [" + mv + "] neither contains a view name nor a " +
"View object in servlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
}
view.render(mv.getModelInternal(), request, response);
...
}
}
在Debug模式下，view属为InternalResourceView类。
public class InternalResourceView extends AbstractUrlBasedView {
@Override//该方法在AbstractView，AbstractUrlBasedView继承了AbstractView
public void render(@Nullable Map<String, ?> model, HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
...
Map<String, Object> mergedModel = createMergedOutputModel(model, request, response);
prepareResponse(request, response);
//看下一个方法实现
renderMergedOutputModel(mergedModel, getRequestToExpose(request), response);
}
@Override
protected void renderMergedOutputModel(
Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// Expose the model object as request attributes.
// 暴露模型作为请求域属性
exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, request);//<---重点
// Expose helpers as request attributes, if any.
exposeHelpers(request);
// Determine the path for the request dispatcher.
String dispatcherPath = prepareForRendering(request, response);
// Obtain a RequestDispatcher for the target resource (typically a JSP).
RequestDispatcher rd = getRequestDispatcher(request, dispatcherPath);
...
}
//该方法在AbstractView，AbstractUrlBasedView继承了AbstractView
protected void exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(Map<String, Object> model,
HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
model.forEach((name, value) -> {
if (value != null) {
request.setAttribute(name, value);
}
else {
request.removeAttribute(name);
}
});
}
}
exposeModelAsRequestAttributes方法看出，Map<String,Object> map，Model model这两种类型数据可以给request域中放数据，用request.getAttribute()获取。
16.8 自定义参数绑定原理[源码分析]
控制器方法
@RestController
public class ParameterTestController {
/**
* 数据绑定：页面提交的请求数据（GET、POST）都可以和对象属性进行绑定
* @param person
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/saveuser")
public Person saveuser(Person person){
return person;
}
}
实体类
/**
* 姓名： <input name="userName"/> <br/>
* 年龄： <input name="age"/> <br/>
* 生日： <input name="birth"/> <br/>
* 宠物姓名：<input name="pet.name"/><br/>
* 宠物年龄：<input name="pet.age"/>
*/
@Data
public class Person {
private String userName;
private Integer age;
private Date birth;
private Pet pet;
}
@Data
public class Pet {
private String name;
private String age;
}
封装过程用到ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor
public class ServletModelAttributeMethodProcessor extends ModelAttributeMethodProcessor {
@Override//本方法在ModelAttributeMethodProcessor类，
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
return (parameter.hasParameterAnnotation(ModelAttribute.class) ||
(this.annotationNotRequired && !BeanUtils.isSimpleProperty(parameter.getParameterType())));
}
@Override
@Nullable//本方法在ModelAttributeMethodProcessor类，
public final Object resolveArgument(MethodParameter parameter, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory) throws Exception {
...
String name = ModelFactory.getNameForParameter(parameter);
ModelAttribute ann = parameter.getParameterAnnotation(ModelAttribute.class);
if (ann != null) {
mavContainer.setBinding(name, ann.binding());
}
Object attribute = null;
BindingResult bindingResult = null;
if (mavContainer.containsAttribute(name)) {
attribute = mavContainer.getModel().get(name);
}
else {
// Create attribute instance
try {
attribute = createAttribute(name, parameter, binderFactory, webRequest);
}
catch (BindException ex) {
...
}
}
if (bindingResult == null) {
// Bean property binding and validation;
// skipped in case of binding failure on construction.
WebDataBinder binder = binderFactory.createBinder(webRequest, attribute, name);
if (binder.getTarget() != null) {
if (!mavContainer.isBindingDisabled(name)) {
//web数据绑定器，将请求参数的值绑定到指定的JavaBean里面**
bindRequestParameters(binder, webRequest);
}
validateIfApplicable(binder, parameter);
if (binder.getBindingResult().hasErrors() && isBindExceptionRequired(binder, parameter)) {
throw new BindException(binder.getBindingResult());
}
}
// Value type adaptation, also covering java.util.Optional
if (!parameter.getParameterType().isInstance(attribute)) {
attribute = binder.convertIfNecessary(binder.getTarget(), parameter.getParameterType(), parameter);
}
bindingResult = binder.getBindingResult();
}
// Add resolved attribute and BindingResult at the end of the model
Map<String, Object> bindingResultModel = bindingResult.getModel();
mavContainer.removeAttributes(bindingResultModel);
mavContainer.addAllAttributes(bindingResultModel);
return attribute;
}
}
结论
WebDataBinder 利用它里面的 Converters 将请求数据转成指定的数据类型。再次封装到JavaBean中
在过程当中，用到GenericConversionService：在设置每一个值的时候，找它里面的所有converter那个可以将这个数据类型（request带来参数的字符串）转换到指定的类型
16.9 自定义Converter原理[源码分析]
未来我们可以给WebDataBinder里面放自己的Converter；
下面演示将字符串“啊猫,3”转换成Pet对象。
//1、WebMvcConfigurer定制化SpringMVC的功能
@Bean
public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer(){
return new WebMvcConfigurer() {
@Override
public void addFormatters(FormatterRegistry registry) {
registry.addConverter(new Converter<String, Pet>() {
@Override
public Pet convert(String source) {
// 啊猫,3
if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(source)){
Pet pet = new Pet();
String[] split = source.split(",");
pet.setName(split[0]);
pet.setAge(Integer.parseInt(split[1]));
return pet;
}
return null;
}
});
}
};
}
17. 响应处理
17.1 ReturnValueHandler原理[源码分析]
假设给前端自动返回json数据，需要引入相关的依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- web场景自动引入了json场景 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId>
<version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
控制器
@Controller
public class ResponseTestController {
@ResponseBody //利用返回值处理器里面的消息转换器进行处理
@GetMapping(value = "/test/person")
public Person getPerson(){
Person person = new Person();
person.setAge(28);
person.setBirth(new Date());
person.setUserName("zhangsan");
return person;
}
}
16.5.4 请求处理-【源码分析】-各种类型参数解析原理 - 返回值处理器有讨论ReturnValueHandler。现在直接看看重点：
public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter extends AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
...
@Nullable
protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
try {
...
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
if (this.argumentResolvers != null) {
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
}
if (this.returnValueHandlers != null) {//<----关注点
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers(this.returnValueHandlers);
}
...
invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);//看下块代码
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return null;
}
return getModelAndView(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);
}
finally {
webRequest.requestCompleted();
}
}
public class ServletInvocableHandlerMethod extends InvocableHandlerMethod {
public void invokeAndHandle(ServletWebRequest webRequest, ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
...
try {
//看下块代码
this.returnValueHandlers.handleReturnValue(
returnValue, getReturnValueType(returnValue), mavContainer, webRequest);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
...
}
}
public class HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite implements HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler {
...
@Override
public void handleReturnValue(@Nullable Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest) throws Exception {
//selectHandler()实现在下面
HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler handler = selectHandler(returnValue, returnType);
if (handler == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown return value type: " + returnType.getParameterType().getName());
}
//开始处理
handler.handleReturnValue(returnValue, returnType, mavContainer, webRequest);
}
@Nullable
private HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler selectHandler(@Nullable Object value, MethodParameter returnType) {
boolean isAsyncValue = isAsyncReturnValue(value, returnType);
for (HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler handler : this.returnValueHandlers) {
if (isAsyncValue && !(handler instanceof AsyncHandlerMethodReturnValueHandler)) {
continue;
}
if (handler.supportsReturnType(returnType)) {
return handler;
}
}
return null;
}
@ResponseBody 注解，即RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor，它实现HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler接口
public class RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor extends AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor {
...
@Override
public void handleReturnValue(@Nullable Object returnValue, MethodParameter returnType,
ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer, NativeWebRequest webRequest)
throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
mavContainer.setRequestHandled(true);
ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage = createInputMessage(webRequest);
ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage = createOutputMessage(webRequest);
// 使用消息转换器进行写出操作，本方法下一章节介绍：
// Try even with null return value. ResponseBodyAdvice could get involved.
writeWithMessageConverters(returnValue, returnType, inputMessage, outputMessage);
}
}
17.2 HTTPMessageConverter原理[源码分析]
返回值处理器
ReturnValueHandler原理：
- 返回值处理器判断是否支持这种类型返回值
supportsReturnType - 返回值处理器调用
handleReturnValue进行处理 RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor可以处理返回值标了@ResponseBody注解的。- 利用
MessageConverters进行处理 将数据写为json- 内容协商（浏览器默认会以请求头的方式告诉服务器他能接受什么样的内容类型）
- 服务器最终根据自己自身的能力，决定服务器能生产出什么样内容类型的数据，
- SpringMVC会挨个遍历所有容器底层的
HttpMessageConverter，看谁能处理？- 得到
MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter可以将对象写为json - 利用
MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter将对象转为json再写出去。
- 得到
- 利用
//RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor继承这类
public abstract class AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor extends AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver
implements HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler {
...
//承接上一节内容
protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(@Nullable T value, MethodParameter returnType,
ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
Object body;
Class<?> valueType;
Type targetType;
if (value instanceof CharSequence) {
body = value.toString();
valueType = String.class;
targetType = String.class;
}
else {
body = value;
valueType = getReturnValueType(body, returnType);
targetType = GenericTypeResolver.resolveType(getGenericType(returnType), returnType.getContainingClass());
}
...
//内容协商（浏览器默认会以请求头(参数Accept)的方式告诉服务器他能接受什么样的内容类型）
MediaType selectedMediaType = null;
MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
boolean isContentTypePreset = contentType != null && contentType.isConcrete();
if (isContentTypePreset) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Found 'Content-Type:" + contentType + "' in response");
}
selectedMediaType = contentType;
}
else {
HttpServletRequest request = inputMessage.getServletRequest();
List<MediaType> acceptableTypes = getAcceptableMediaTypes(request);
//服务器最终根据自己自身的能力，决定服务器能生产出什么样内容类型的数据
List<MediaType> producibleTypes = getProducibleMediaTypes(request, valueType, targetType);
if (body != null && producibleTypes.isEmpty()) {
throw new HttpMessageNotWritableException(
"No converter found for return value of type: " + valueType);
}
List<MediaType> mediaTypesToUse = new ArrayList<>();
for (MediaType requestedType : acceptableTypes) {
for (MediaType producibleType : producibleTypes) {
if (requestedType.isCompatibleWith(producibleType)) {
mediaTypesToUse.add(getMostSpecificMediaType(requestedType, producibleType));
}
}
}
if (mediaTypesToUse.isEmpty()) {
if (body != null) {
throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(producibleTypes);
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("No match for " + acceptableTypes + ", supported: " + producibleTypes);
}
return;
}
MediaType.sortBySpecificityAndQuality(mediaTypesToUse);
//选择一个MediaType
for (MediaType mediaType : mediaTypesToUse) {
if (mediaType.isConcrete()) {
selectedMediaType = mediaType;
break;
}
else if (mediaType.isPresentIn(ALL_APPLICATION_MEDIA_TYPES)) {
selectedMediaType = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM;
break;
}
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Using '" + selectedMediaType + "', given " +
acceptableTypes + " and supported " + producibleTypes);
}
}
if (selectedMediaType != null) {
selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue();
//本节主角：HttpMessageConverter
for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {
GenericHttpMessageConverter genericConverter = (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ?
(GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter : null);
//判断是否可写
if (genericConverter != null ?
((GenericHttpMessageConverter) converter).canWrite(targetType, valueType, selectedMediaType) :
converter.canWrite(valueType, selectedMediaType)) {
body = getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(body, returnType, selectedMediaType,
(Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass(),
inputMessage, outputMessage);
if (body != null) {
Object theBody = body;
LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn ->
"Writing [" + LogFormatUtils.formatValue(theBody, !traceOn) + "]");
addContentDispositionHeader(inputMessage, outputMessage);
//开始写入
if (genericConverter != null) {
genericConverter.write(body, targetType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
}
else {
((HttpMessageConverter) converter).write(body, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
}
}
else {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Nothing to write: null body");
}
}
return;
}
}
}
...
}
HTTPMessageConverter接口：
/**
* Strategy interface for converting from and to HTTP requests and responses.
*/
public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> {
/**
* Indicates whether the given class can be read by this converter.
*/
boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, @Nullable MediaType mediaType);
/**
* Indicates whether the given class can be written by this converter.
*/
boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, @Nullable MediaType mediaType);
/**
* Return the list of {@link MediaType} objects supported by this converter.
*/
List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes();
/**
* Read an object of the given type from the given input message, and returns it.
*/
T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException;
/**
* Write an given object to the given output message.
*/
void write(T t, @Nullable MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException;
}
HttpMessageConverter: 看是否支持将 此 Class类型的对象，转为MediaType类型的数据。
例子：Person对象转为JSON，或者 JSON转为Person，这将用到MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
public class MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter extends AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter {
...
}
关于MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter的实例化请看下节。
17.2.1 关于HttpMessageConverters的初始化
DispatcherServlet的初始化时会调用initHandlerAdapters(ApplicationContext context)
public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
...
private void initHandlerAdapters(ApplicationContext context) {
this.handlerAdapters = null;
if (this.detectAllHandlerAdapters) {
// Find all HandlerAdapters in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
Map<String, HandlerAdapter> matchingBeans =
BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerAdapter.class, true, false);
if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
this.handlerAdapters = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
// We keep HandlerAdapters in sorted order.
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerAdapters);
}
}
...
上述代码会加载ApplicationContext的所有HandlerAdapter，用来处理@RequestMapping的RequestMappingHandlerAdapter实现HandlerAdapter接口，RequestMappingHandlerAdapter也被实例化。
public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter extends AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
...
private List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> messageConverters;
...
public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter() {
this.messageConverters = new ArrayList<>(4);
this.messageConverters.add(new ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter());
this.messageConverters.add(new StringHttpMessageConverter());
if (!shouldIgnoreXml) {
try {
this.messageConverters.add(new SourceHttpMessageConverter<>());
}
catch (Error err) {
// Ignore when no TransformerFactory implementation is available
}
}
this.messageConverters.add(new AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter());
}
在构造器中看到一堆HttpMessageConverter。接着，重点查看AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter类：
public class AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter extends FormHttpMessageConverter {
/**
* Boolean flag controlled by a {@code spring.xml.ignore} system property that instructs Spring to
* ignore XML, i.e. to not initialize the XML-related infrastructure.
* <p>The default is "false".
*/
private static final boolean shouldIgnoreXml = SpringProperties.getFlag("spring.xml.ignore");
private static final boolean jaxb2Present;
private static final boolean jackson2Present;
private static final boolean jackson2XmlPresent;
private static final boolean jackson2SmilePresent;
private static final boolean gsonPresent;
private static final boolean jsonbPresent;
private static final boolean kotlinSerializationJsonPresent;
static {
ClassLoader classLoader = AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter.class.getClassLoader();
jaxb2Present = ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.xml.bind.Binder", classLoader);
jackson2Present = ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper", classLoader) &&
ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator", classLoader);
jackson2XmlPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.XmlMapper", classLoader);
jackson2SmilePresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.smile.SmileFactory", classLoader);
gsonPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("com.google.gson.Gson", classLoader);
jsonbPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.json.bind.Jsonb", classLoader);
kotlinSerializationJsonPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("kotlinx.serialization.json.Json", classLoader);
}
public AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter() {
if (!shouldIgnoreXml) {
try {
addPartConverter(new SourceHttpMessageConverter<>());
}
catch (Error err) {
// Ignore when no TransformerFactory implementation is available
}
if (jaxb2Present && !jackson2XmlPresent) {
addPartConverter(new Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter());
}
}
if (jackson2Present) {
addPartConverter(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter());//<----重点看这里
}
else if (gsonPresent) {
addPartConverter(new GsonHttpMessageConverter());
}
else if (jsonbPresent) {
addPartConverter(new JsonbHttpMessageConverter());
}
else if (kotlinSerializationJsonPresent) {
addPartConverter(new KotlinSerializationJsonHttpMessageConverter());
}
if (jackson2XmlPresent && !shouldIgnoreXml) {
addPartConverter(new MappingJackson2XmlHttpMessageConverter());
}
if (jackson2SmilePresent) {
addPartConverter(new MappingJackson2SmileHttpMessageConverter());
}
}
}
public class FormHttpMessageConverter implements HttpMessageConverter<MultiValueMap<String, ?>> {
...
private List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> partConverters = new ArrayList<>();
...
public void addPartConverter(HttpMessageConverter<?> partConverter) {
Assert.notNull(partConverter, "'partConverter' must not be null");
this.partConverters.add(partConverter);
}
...
}
在AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter类构造器看到MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter类的实例化，AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter包含MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter。
ReturnValueHandler是怎么与MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter关联起来？请看下节。
17.2.3 ReturnValueHandler与MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter关联
再次回顾RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
public class RequestMappingHandlerAdapter extends AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
implements BeanFactoryAware, InitializingBean {
...
@Nullable
private HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite returnValueHandlers;//我们关注的returnValueHandlers
@Override
@Nullable//本方法在AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter
public final ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
return handleInternal(request, response, (HandlerMethod) handler);
}
@Override
protected ModelAndView handleInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mav;
...
mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod);
...
return mav;
}
@Nullable
protected ModelAndView invokeHandlerMethod(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, HandlerMethod handlerMethod) throws Exception {
ServletWebRequest webRequest = new ServletWebRequest(request, response);
try {
WebDataBinderFactory binderFactory = getDataBinderFactory(handlerMethod);
ModelFactory modelFactory = getModelFactory(handlerMethod, binderFactory);
ServletInvocableHandlerMethod invocableMethod = createInvocableHandlerMethod(handlerMethod);
if (this.argumentResolvers != null) {
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodArgumentResolvers(this.argumentResolvers);
}
if (this.returnValueHandlers != null) {//<---我们关注的returnValueHandlers
invocableMethod.setHandlerMethodReturnValueHandlers(this.returnValueHandlers);
}
...
invocableMethod.invokeAndHandle(webRequest, mavContainer);
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return null;
}
return getModelAndView(mavContainer, modelFactory, webRequest);
}
finally {
webRequest.requestCompleted();
}
}
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
// Do this first, it may add ResponseBody advice beans
...
if (this.returnValueHandlers == null) {//赋值returnValueHandlers
List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = getDefaultReturnValueHandlers();
this.returnValueHandlers = new HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite().addHandlers(handlers);
}
}
private List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> getDefaultReturnValueHandlers() {
List<HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler> handlers = new ArrayList<>(20);
...
// Annotation-based return value types
//这里就是 ReturnValueHandler与 MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter关联 的关键点
handlers.add(new RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor(getMessageConverters(),//<---MessageConverters也就传参传进来的
this.contentNegotiationManager, this.requestResponseBodyAdvice));//
...
return handlers;
}
//------
public List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> getMessageConverters() {
return this.messageConverters;
}
//RequestMappingHandlerAdapter构造器已初始化部分messageConverters
public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter() {
this.messageConverters = new ArrayList<>(4);
this.messageConverters.add(new ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter());
this.messageConverters.add(new StringHttpMessageConverter());
if (!shouldIgnoreXml) {
try {
this.messageConverters.add(new SourceHttpMessageConverter<>());
}
catch (Error err) {
// Ignore when no TransformerFactory implementation is available
}
}
this.messageConverters.add(new AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter());
}
...
}
应用中WebMvcAutoConfiguration（底层是WebMvcConfigurationSupport实现）传入更多messageConverters，其中就包含MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter。
17.3 内容协商原理[源码分析]
根据客户端接收能力不同，返回不同媒体类型的数据。
引入XML依赖：
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
</dependency>
可用Postman软件分别测试返回json和xml：只需要改变请求头中Accept字段（application/json、application/xml）。
Http协议中规定的，Accept字段告诉服务器本客户端可以接收的数据类型。
内容协商原理：
- 判断当前响应头中是否已经有确定的媒体类型
MediaType。 - 获取客户端（PostMan、浏览器）支持接收的内容类型。（获取客户端Accept请求头字段application/xml）（这一步在下一节有详细介绍）
contentNegotiationManager内容协商管理器 默认使用基于请求头的策略HeaderContentNegotiationStrategy确定客户端可以接收的内容类型
- 遍历循环所有当前系统的
MessageConverter，看谁支持操作这个对象（Person） - 找到支持操作Person的converter，把converter支持的媒体类型统计出来。
- 客户端需要application/xml，服务端有10种MediaType。
- 进行内容协商的最佳匹配媒体类型
- 用 支持 将对象转为 最佳匹配媒体类型 的converter。调用它进行转化 。
//RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor继承这类
public abstract class AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor extends AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver
implements HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler {
...
//跟上一节的代码一致
protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(@Nullable T value, MethodParameter returnType,
ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
Object body;
Class<?> valueType;
Type targetType;
if (value instanceof CharSequence) {
body = value.toString();
valueType = String.class;
targetType = String.class;
}
else {
body = value;
valueType = getReturnValueType(body, returnType);
targetType = GenericTypeResolver.resolveType(getGenericType(returnType), returnType.getContainingClass());
}
...
//本节重点
//内容协商（浏览器默认会以请求头(参数Accept)的方式告诉服务器他能接受什么样的内容类型）
MediaType selectedMediaType = null;
MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
boolean isContentTypePreset = contentType != null && contentType.isConcrete();
if (isContentTypePreset) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Found 'Content-Type:" + contentType + "' in response");
}
selectedMediaType = contentType;
}
else {
HttpServletRequest request = inputMessage.getServletRequest();
List<MediaType> acceptableTypes = getAcceptableMediaTypes(request);
//服务器最终根据自己自身的能力，决定服务器能生产出什么样内容类型的数据
List<MediaType> producibleTypes = getProducibleMediaTypes(request, valueType, targetType);
if (body != null && producibleTypes.isEmpty()) {
throw new HttpMessageNotWritableException(
"No converter found for return value of type: " + valueType);
}
List<MediaType> mediaTypesToUse = new ArrayList<>();
for (MediaType requestedType : acceptableTypes) {
for (MediaType producibleType : producibleTypes) {
if (requestedType.isCompatibleWith(producibleType)) {
mediaTypesToUse.add(getMostSpecificMediaType(requestedType, producibleType));
}
}
}
if (mediaTypesToUse.isEmpty()) {
if (body != null) {
throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(producibleTypes);
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("No match for " + acceptableTypes + ", supported: " + producibleTypes);
}
return;
}
MediaType.sortBySpecificityAndQuality(mediaTypesToUse);
//选择一个MediaType
for (MediaType mediaType : mediaTypesToUse) {
if (mediaType.isConcrete()) {
selectedMediaType = mediaType;
break;
}
else if (mediaType.isPresentIn(ALL_APPLICATION_MEDIA_TYPES)) {
selectedMediaType = MediaType.APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM;
break;
}
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Using '" + selectedMediaType + "', given " +
acceptableTypes + " and supported " + producibleTypes);
}
}
if (selectedMediaType != null) {
selectedMediaType = selectedMediaType.removeQualityValue();
//本节主角：HttpMessageConverter
for (HttpMessageConverter<?> converter : this.messageConverters) {
GenericHttpMessageConverter genericConverter = (converter instanceof GenericHttpMessageConverter ?
(GenericHttpMessageConverter<?>) converter : null);
//判断是否可写
if (genericConverter != null ?
((GenericHttpMessageConverter) converter).canWrite(targetType, valueType, selectedMediaType) :
converter.canWrite(valueType, selectedMediaType)) {
body = getAdvice().beforeBodyWrite(body, returnType, selectedMediaType,
(Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>>) converter.getClass(),
inputMessage, outputMessage);
if (body != null) {
Object theBody = body;
LogFormatUtils.traceDebug(logger, traceOn ->
"Writing [" + LogFormatUtils.formatValue(theBody, !traceOn) + "]");
addContentDispositionHeader(inputMessage, outputMessage);
//开始写入
if (genericConverter != null) {
genericConverter.write(body, targetType, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
}
else {
((HttpMessageConverter) converter).write(body, selectedMediaType, outputMessage);
}
}
else {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Nothing to write: null body");
}
}
return;
}
}
}
...
}
17.4 基于请求参数的内容协商原理[源码分析]
上一节内容协商原理的第二步：
获取客户端（PostMan、浏览器）支持接收的内容类型。（获取客户端Accept请求头字段application/xml）
contentNegotiationManager内容协商管理器 默认使用基于请求头的策略HeaderContentNegotiationStrategy确定客户端可以接收的内容类型
//RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor继承这类
public abstract class AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor extends AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver
implements HandlerMethodReturnValueHandler {
...
//跟上一节的代码一致
protected <T> void writeWithMessageConverters(@Nullable T value, MethodParameter returnType,
ServletServerHttpRequest inputMessage, ServletServerHttpResponse outputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
Object body;
Class<?> valueType;
Type targetType;
...
//本节重点
//内容协商（浏览器默认会以请求头(参数Accept)的方式告诉服务器他能接受什么样的内容类型）
MediaType selectedMediaType = null;
MediaType contentType = outputMessage.getHeaders().getContentType();
boolean isContentTypePreset = contentType != null && contentType.isConcrete();
if (isContentTypePreset) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Found 'Content-Type:" + contentType + "' in response");
}
selectedMediaType = contentType;
}
else {
HttpServletRequest request = inputMessage.getServletRequest();
List<MediaType> acceptableTypes = getAcceptableMediaTypes(request);
//服务器最终根据自己自身的能力，决定服务器能生产出什么样内容类型的数据
List<MediaType> producibleTypes = getProducibleMediaTypes(request, valueType, targetType);
...
}
//在AbstractMessageConverterMethodArgumentResolver类内
private List<MediaType> getAcceptableMediaTypes(HttpServletRequest request)
throws HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException {
//内容协商管理器 默认使用基于请求头的策略
return this.contentNegotiationManager.resolveMediaTypes(new ServletWebRequest(request));
}
}
public class ContentNegotiationManager implements ContentNegotiationStrategy, MediaTypeFileExtensionResolver {
...
public ContentNegotiationManager() {
this(new HeaderContentNegotiationStrategy());//内容协商管理器 默认使用基于请求头的策略
}
@Override
public List<MediaType> resolveMediaTypes(NativeWebRequest request) throws HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException {
for (ContentNegotiationStrategy strategy : this.strategies) {
List<MediaType> mediaTypes = strategy.resolveMediaTypes(request);
if (mediaTypes.equals(MEDIA_TYPE_ALL_LIST)) {
continue;
}
return mediaTypes;
}
return MEDIA_TYPE_ALL_LIST;
}
...
}
//基于请求头的策略
public class HeaderContentNegotiationStrategy implements ContentNegotiationStrategy {
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
* @throws HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException if the 'Accept' header cannot be parsed
*/
@Override
public List<MediaType> resolveMediaTypes(NativeWebRequest request)
throws HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException {
String[] headerValueArray = request.getHeaderValues(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT);
if (headerValueArray == null) {
return MEDIA_TYPE_ALL_LIST;
}
List<String> headerValues = Arrays.asList(headerValueArray);
try {
List<MediaType> mediaTypes = MediaType.parseMediaTypes(headerValues);
MediaType.sortBySpecificityAndQuality(mediaTypes);
return !CollectionUtils.isEmpty(mediaTypes) ? mediaTypes : MEDIA_TYPE_ALL_LIST;
}
catch (InvalidMediaTypeException ex) {
throw new HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException(
"Could not parse 'Accept' header " + headerValues + ": " + ex.getMessage());
}
}
}
开启浏览器参数方式内容协商功能
为了方便内容协商，开启基于请求参数的内容协商功能。
spring:
mvc:
contentnegotiation:
favor-parameter: true #开启请求参数内容协商模式
内容协商管理器，就会多了一个ParameterContentNegotiationStrategy（由Spring容器注入）
public class ParameterContentNegotiationStrategy extends AbstractMappingContentNegotiationStrategy {
private String parameterName = "format";//
/**
* Create an instance with the given map of file extensions and media types.
*/
public ParameterContentNegotiationStrategy(Map<String, MediaType> mediaTypes) {
super(mediaTypes);
}
/**
* Set the name of the parameter to use to determine requested media types.
* <p>By default this is set to {@code "format"}.
*/
public void setParameterName(String parameterName) {
Assert.notNull(parameterName, "'parameterName' is required");
this.parameterName = parameterName;
}
public String getParameterName() {
return this.parameterName;
}
@Override
@Nullable
protected String getMediaTypeKey(NativeWebRequest request) {
return request.getParameter(getParameterName());
}
//---以下方法在AbstractMappingContentNegotiationStrategy类
@Override
public List<MediaType> resolveMediaTypes(NativeWebRequest webRequest)
throws HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException {
return resolveMediaTypeKey(webRequest, getMediaTypeKey(webRequest));
}
/**
* An alternative to {@link #resolveMediaTypes(NativeWebRequest)} that accepts
* an already extracted key.
* @since 3.2.16
*/
public List<MediaType> resolveMediaTypeKey(NativeWebRequest webRequest, @Nullable String key)
throws HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException {
if (StringUtils.hasText(key)) {
MediaType mediaType = lookupMediaType(key);
if (mediaType != null) {
handleMatch(key, mediaType);
return Collections.singletonList(mediaType);
}
mediaType = handleNoMatch(webRequest, key);
if (mediaType != null) {
addMapping(key, mediaType);
return Collections.singletonList(mediaType);
}
}
return MEDIA_TYPE_ALL_LIST;
}
}
然后，浏览器地址输入带format参数的URL：
http://localhost:8080/test/person?format=json
或
http://localhost:8080/test/person?format=xml
这样，后端会根据参数format的值，返回对应json或xml格式的数据。
17.5 自定义MessageConverter[源码分析]
实现多协议数据兼容。json、xml、x-guigu（这个是自创的）
-
@ResponseBody响应数据出去 调用RequestResponseBodyMethodProcessor处理 -
Processor 处理方法返回值。通过
MessageConverter处理 -
所有
MessageConverter合起来可以支持各种媒体类型数据的操作（读、写） -
内容协商找到最终的
messageConverter
SpringMVC的什么功能，一个入口给容器中添加一个 WebMvcConfigurer
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class WebConfig {
@Bean
public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer(){
return new WebMvcConfigurer() {
@Override
public void extendMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {
converters.add(new GuiguMessageConverter());
}
}
}
}
/**
* 自定义的Converter
*/
public class GuiguMessageConverter implements HttpMessageConverter<Person> {
@Override
public boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType) {
return false;
}
@Override
public boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, MediaType mediaType) {
return clazz.isAssignableFrom(Person.class);
}
/**
* 服务器要统计所有MessageConverter都能写出哪些内容类型
*
* application/x-guigu
* @return
*/
@Override
public List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes() {
return MediaType.parseMediaTypes("application/x-guigu");
}
@Override
public Person read(Class<? extends Person> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException {
return null;
}
@Override
public void write(Person person, MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage) throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException {
//自定义协议数据的写出
String data = person.getUserName()+";"+person.getAge()+";"+person.getBirth();
//写出去
OutputStream body = outputMessage.getBody();
body.write(data.getBytes());
}
}
import java.util.Date;
@Controller
public class ResponseTestController {
/**
* 1、浏览器发请求直接返回 xml [application/xml] jacksonXmlConverter
* 2、如果是ajax请求 返回 json [application/json] jacksonJsonConverter
* 3、如果硅谷app发请求，返回自定义协议数据 [appliaction/x-guigu] xxxxConverter
* 属性值1;属性值2;
*
* 步骤：
* 1、添加自定义的MessageConverter进系统底层
* 2、系统底层就会统计出所有MessageConverter能操作哪些类型
* 3、客户端内容协商 [guigu--->guigu]
*
* 作业：如何以参数的方式进行内容协商
* @return
*/
@ResponseBody //利用返回值处理器里面的消息转换器进行处理
@GetMapping(value = "/test/person")
public Person getPerson(){
Person person = new Person();
person.setAge(28);
person.setBirth(new Date());
person.setUserName("zhangsan");
return person;
}
}
用Postman发送/test/person（请求头Accept:application/x-guigu)，将返回自定义协议数据的写出。
17.6 浏览器与PostMan内容协商完全适配[源码分析]
假设你想基于自定义请求参数的自定义内容协商功能。
换句话，在地址栏输入http://localhost:8080/test/person?format=gg返回数据，跟http://localhost:8080/test/person且请求头参数Accept:application/x-guigu的返回自定义协议数据的一致。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
public class WebConfig /*implements WebMvcConfigurer*/ {
//1、WebMvcConfigurer定制化SpringMVC的功能
@Bean
public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer(){
return new WebMvcConfigurer() {
/**
* 自定义内容协商策略
* @param configurer
*/
@Override
public void configureContentNegotiation(ContentNegotiationConfigurer configurer) {
//Map<String, MediaType> mediaTypes
Map<String, MediaType> mediaTypes = new HashMap<>();
mediaTypes.put("json",MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
mediaTypes.put("xml",MediaType.APPLICATION_XML);
//自定义媒体类型
mediaTypes.put("gg",MediaType.parseMediaType("application/x-guigu"));
//指定支持解析哪些参数对应的哪些媒体类型
ParameterContentNegotiationStrategy parameterStrategy = new ParameterContentNegotiationStrategy(mediaTypes);
// parameterStrategy.setParameterName("ff");
//还需添加请求头处理策略，否则accept:application/json、application/xml则会失效
HeaderContentNegotiationStrategy headeStrategy = new HeaderContentNegotiationStrategy();
configurer.strategies(Arrays.asList(parameterStrategy, headeStrategy));
}
}
}
...
}
日后开发要注意，有可能我们添加的自定义的功能会覆盖默认很多功能，导致一些默认的功能失效。
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