12.5 菜单

1 创建菜单

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2 使用图标

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3 菜单里的复选框和单选框

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4 弹出菜单

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5 快捷键和加速器

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6 应用和禁用菜单项

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.24 2012-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class MenuTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new MenuFrame();
         frame.setTitle("MenuTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame with a sample menu bar.
 */
public class MenuFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
   private Action saveAction;
   private Action saveAsAction;
   private JCheckBoxMenuItem readonlyItem;
   private JPopupMenu popup;

   /**
    * A sample action that prints the action name to System.out
    */
   class TestAction extends AbstractAction
   {
      public TestAction(String name)
      {
         super(name);
      }

      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         System.out.println(getValue(Action.NAME) + " selected.");
      }
   }

   public MenuFrame()
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);

      JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
      fileMenu.add(new TestAction("New"));

      // demonstrate accelerators

      JMenuItem openItem = fileMenu.add(new TestAction("Open"));
      openItem.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl O"));

      fileMenu.addSeparator();

      saveAction = new TestAction("Save");
      JMenuItem saveItem = fileMenu.add(saveAction);
      saveItem.setAccelerator(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl S"));

      saveAsAction = new TestAction("Save As");
      fileMenu.add(saveAsAction);
      fileMenu.addSeparator();

      fileMenu.add(new AbstractAction("Exit")
         {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
            {
               System.exit(0);
            }
         });

      // demonstrate checkbox and radio button menus

      readonlyItem = new JCheckBoxMenuItem("Read-only");
      readonlyItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
         {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
            {
               boolean saveOk = !readonlyItem.isSelected();
               saveAction.setEnabled(saveOk);
               saveAsAction.setEnabled(saveOk);
            }
         });

      ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();

      JRadioButtonMenuItem insertItem = new JRadioButtonMenuItem("Insert");
      insertItem.setSelected(true);
      JRadioButtonMenuItem overtypeItem = new JRadioButtonMenuItem("Overtype");

      group.add(insertItem);
      group.add(overtypeItem);

      // demonstrate icons

      Action cutAction = new TestAction("Cut");
      cutAction.putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, new ImageIcon("cut.gif"));
      Action copyAction = new TestAction("Copy");
      copyAction.putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, new ImageIcon("copy.gif"));
      Action pasteAction = new TestAction("Paste");
      pasteAction.putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, new ImageIcon("paste.gif"));

      JMenu editMenu = new JMenu("Edit");
      editMenu.add(cutAction);
      editMenu.add(copyAction);
      editMenu.add(pasteAction);

      // demonstrate nested menus

      JMenu optionMenu = new JMenu("Options");

      optionMenu.add(readonlyItem);
      optionMenu.addSeparator();
      optionMenu.add(insertItem);
      optionMenu.add(overtypeItem);

      editMenu.addSeparator();
      editMenu.add(optionMenu);

      // demonstrate mnemonics

      JMenu helpMenu = new JMenu("Help");
      helpMenu.setMnemonic('H');

      JMenuItem indexItem = new JMenuItem("Index");
      indexItem.setMnemonic('I');
      helpMenu.add(indexItem);

      // you can also add the mnemonic key to an action
      Action aboutAction = new TestAction("About");
      aboutAction.putValue(Action.MNEMONIC_KEY, new Integer('A'));
      helpMenu.add(aboutAction);

      // add all top-level menus to menu bar

      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);

      menuBar.add(fileMenu);
      menuBar.add(editMenu);
      menuBar.add(helpMenu);

      // demonstrate pop-ups

      popup = new JPopupMenu();
      popup.add(cutAction);
      popup.add(copyAction);
      popup.add(pasteAction);

      JPanel panel = new JPanel();
      panel.setComponentPopupMenu(popup);
      add(panel);
   }
}

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7 工具栏

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8 工具提示

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.14 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ToolBarTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         ToolBarFrame frame = new ToolBarFrame();
         frame.setTitle("ToolBarTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame with a toolbar and menu for color changes.
 */
public class ToolBarFrame extends JFrame
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
   private JPanel panel;

   public ToolBarFrame()
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);

      // add a panel for color change

      panel = new JPanel();
      add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

      // set up actions

      Action blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue", new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), Color.BLUE);
      Action yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow", new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),
            Color.YELLOW);
      Action redAction = new ColorAction("Red", new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif"), Color.RED);

      Action exitAction = new AbstractAction("Exit", new ImageIcon("exit.gif"))
         {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
            {
               System.exit(0);
            }
         };
      exitAction.putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Exit");

      // populate toolbar

      JToolBar bar = new JToolBar();
      bar.add(blueAction);
      bar.add(yellowAction);
      bar.add(redAction);
      bar.addSeparator();
      bar.add(exitAction);
      add(bar, BorderLayout.NORTH);

      // populate menu

      JMenu menu = new JMenu("Color");
      menu.add(yellowAction);
      menu.add(blueAction);
      menu.add(redAction);
      menu.add(exitAction);
      JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
      menuBar.add(menu);
      setJMenuBar(menuBar);
   }

   /**
    * The color action sets the background of the frame to a given color.
    */
   class ColorAction extends AbstractAction
   {
      public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c)
      {
         putValue(Action.NAME, name);
         putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon);
         putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, name + " background");
         putValue("Color", c);
      }

      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         Color c = (Color) getValue("Color");
         panel.setBackground(c);
      }
   }
}