android studio使用espresso做自动化测试

最近尝试在项目中使用Espresso做UI测试，现在记下点笔记。
在android studio项目里打开应用build.gradle文件，在dependencies里添加依赖项：

// Warning:Conflict with dependency 'com.android.support:support-annotations'.
    // Resolved versions for app (23.1.0) and test app (23.0.1) differ.
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.1.0'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.4'
    // Set this dependency to use JUnit 4 rules
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.4'
    // Set this dependency to build and run Espresso tests
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.1'
    // Set this dependency to build and run UI Automator tests
//    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.uiautomator:uiautomator-v18:2.1.2'
    // RecycleViews Espresso supports
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.1') {
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'appcompat'
        exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4'
        exclude module: 'recyclerview-v7'
    }

在android defaultConfig里添加这段配置：

        testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"

到这里，配置已经成功！
在项目test路径下，创建测试类MainActivityTest.class
一般用到的测试库和方法有：

import static android.os.SystemClock.sleep;
import static android.support.test.espresso.Espresso.onView;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.click;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.pressBack;
import static android.support.test.espresso.action.ViewActions.typeText;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.isDisplayed;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withId;
import static android.support.test.espresso.matcher.ViewMatchers.withText;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.allOf;//这是个很好东西

这里偶尔会出现使用方法的时候没有建议添加import，所以先给上面的import了

在测试类里添加以下代码：

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
@LargeTest
public class CaseBookMarkCheck {
    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);

    public MainActivity mMainActivity = null;

    @Before
    public void setMainActivity() {
        this.mMainActivity = mActivityRule.getActivity();
    }

    @Test
    public void testMain() {
        // 最好添加延迟，不然速度会很快，连UI界面都看不到
        // 有时做网络请求的时候也要使用到
        sleep(5000);
        // 通过Id获取控件，也可以通过withText获取
        onView(allOf(withId(R.id.btnStart), isDisplayed())).perform(click());
        sleep(3000);
        }
}

运行时，需要在运行的config上把Specific instrumentation runner(optional)修改为：

android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner

因为刚刚接触这好东西，对里面的API并没有太熟悉，于是写了一个比较容易理解的方法去获取当前控件：

/**
     * 通过matcher的规则，获取指定当前UI的控件对象
     * DENO：
     * RecyclerView recyclerView =
     * UITestUtil.getControl(allOf(withId(R.id.view), isDisplayed()), RecyclerView.class);
     * @param matcher   matcher的规则
     * @param type      UI控件的class
     * @param <T>       转换的UI控件
     * @return          返回UI控件
     */
    public static <T extends View> T getControl(final Matcher<View> matcher, final Class<T> type){
        T targetUIObject;
        final View[] target = new View[1];
        onView(matcher).perform(new ViewAction() {
            @Override
            public Matcher<View> getConstraints() {

                return isAssignableFrom(type);
            }

            @Override
            public String getDescription() {
                return "getting " + type.getSimpleName();
            }

            @Override
            public void perform(UiController uiController, View view) {
                target[0] = view;
            }
        });

        targetUIObject = (T) target[0];

        return targetUIObject;
    }

// 使用方式，recyclerView滑动到最后一项
RecyclerView recyclerView = getControl(allOf(withId(R.id.recyclerView), isDisplayed()), RecyclerView.class);
        recyclerView.smoothScrollToPosition(recyclerView.getAdapter().getItemCount() - 1);

参考：
https://google.github.io/android-testing-support-library/samples/index.html

https://google.github.io/android-testing-support-library/docs/espresso/setup/