JS数字与转换篇

数字转换

Number()

对字符数字进行转换（不包括非数字）

console.log(Number('9999px'));		//NaN
console.log(Number('9999'));		//9999

‘+’ 转换，同Number()原理

console.log(+'9999');		//9999

parse解析

parseInt()， 整型数字

console.log(Number.parseInt('996m6'));		//996

parseFloat，浮点型数字（匹配第一个 . ）

console.log(Number.parseFloat('99.6.99m6'));		//99.6

java不允许转换时出现非数字

System.out.println(Integer.parseInt("99px"));
//Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "99px"

isNaN

判断被传入的参数值是否不是一个数字

Number.isNaN，严格判断值是否为NaN（相当于内部调用parse）

isNaN，简易判断（相当于内部调用了Number）

console.log(+'100px');		//NaN
console.log(Number.isNaN(NaN));		//true
console.log(isNaN(NaN));		//true

console.log(Number.isNaN(100 / 0));		//false
console.log(Number.isNaN(100));   //false
console.log(isNaN('100px'));    //true
console.log(Number.isNaN('100.9px'));   //false
console.log(Number.isNaN(+'100px'));    //true

isFinite

判断被传入的参数值是否为一个有限数值

console.log(isFinite(999));		//true
console.log(isFinite(+'999'));		//true	
console.log(Number.isFinite(+'999.9'));		//true

console.log(isFinite('999px'));		//false
console.log(isFinite(+'999px'));		//false
console.log(isFinite(100 / 0));		//false

随机数

确定界限

const random = (min, max) => Math.trunc(Math.random() * (max - min) + 1) + min;
console.log(random(20, 30));

小数处理

都会进行强制类型转换

round()，四舍五入

console.log(Math.round(99.9));		//100

ceil()，向上近位

console.log(Math.ceil(99.3));		//100

floor()，向下近位

console.log(Math.floor(99.6));		//99

toFixed()，小数点保留位数，返回字符串

toFixed(0)，自动四舍五入

最大安全数

console.log(Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER);
console.log(2 ** 53 - 1);		//9007199254740991

超出的数会失去精度，造成错误计算

console.log(2 ** 53 + 5);		//9007199254740996
console.log(2 ** 53 + 10);		//9007199254741002
console.log(2 ** 53 + 1);		//9007199254740992

BigInt()

console.log(BigInt(2 ** 53 + 5));		//9007199254740996n
console.log(999999999999999999999999999999n);

console.log(16n / 5n);		//返回最接近的值 3n
console.log(16 / 5);		//3.2

分数转换

import { Fraction } from 'fractional';
console.log(new Fraction(2.5).toString());		//输出 2 1/2

时间

获取当前时间戳

const time = new Date();
console.log(time.getTime());
console.log(Date.now());

LINK ： Date in MDN

时间填充

padStart (targetLength, padString) ， 用另一个字符串填充当前字符串

targetLength : 需要填充到的目标长度

padString : 填充字符串

const month = `${time.getMonth() + 1}`.padStart(2, 0);
console.log('Month : ' + month);		//05

时间差

const time = new Date();
const time2 = new Date(2020, 1, 1);

const calDay = (time - time2) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24);
console.log(calDay);

Today、Yesterday

const time = new Date();
const timeArr = ['2023, 5, 12', '2023, 5, 11', '2023, 5, 5'];

for (const [i, t] of timeArr.entries()) {
  const date = new Date(t);
  const calDay = Math.trunc((time - date) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24));
  calDay === 0
    ? console.log('Today')
    : calDay === 1
    ? console.log('Yesterday')
    : console.log(`${calDay} days ago`);
}

国际时间格式

Intl.DateTimeFormat (locale, options)

locale ： 时区

options ： 显示格式

英式英语 (British English) 使用 day-month-year

const intlTime = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-GB').format(time);		//  12-5-2023

美式英语 (US English) 使用 month-day-year

const intlTime = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-US').format(time);		//  5/12/2023

标准格式

const time = new Date();

const options = {
  hour: 'numeric',
  minute: 'numeric',
  day: 'numeric',
  month: 'long',
};
const locale = navigator.language;
console.log(locale);

const intlTime = new Intl.DateTimeFormat(locale, options).format(time);
console.log(intlTime);

延时器

setTimeout (functionRef, delay, param)

…解构运算符

const materials = ['eggs', 'butter', 'fruits'];
console.log(...materials);		//eggs butter fruits

const materials = ['eggs', 'butter', 'fruits'];
const cakeTimer = setTimeout(
  (p1, p2, p3) =>
    console.log(`${p1} and ${p2} and ${p3} is the materials of making CAKE`),
  2000,
  ...materials
);
console.log(cakeTimer);
if (materials.includes('eggs')) {
  clearTimeout(cakeTimer);
}

定时器

setInterval (func, [delay, arg1, arg2, …]) ，需要手动关闭

<h1>00 : 00</h1>

const timer = document.querySelector("h1");
    let time = 3;
    const interval = setInterval(() => {
      minute = String(Math.trunc(time / 60)).padStart(2, 0);
      sec = String(Math.trunc(time % 60)).padStart(2, 0);
      timer.textContent = `${minute} : ${sec}`;
      time--;

      if (time < 0) clearInterval(interval);
    }, 1000);