C++中的复制构造函数与赋值运算符对比

Copy Constructor vs Assignment Operator in C++

Copy constructor and Assignment operator are similar as they are both used to initialize one object using another object. But, there are some basic differences between them:

复制构造函数和赋值运算符相似，因为它们都用于使用另一个对象初始化一个对象。但是，它们之间有一些基本的区别：

Copy constructor	Assignment operator
It is called when a new object is created from an existing object, as a copy of the existing object	This operator is called when an already initialized object is assigned a new value from another existing object.
It creates a separate memory block for the new object.	It does not create a separate memory block or new memory space.
It is an overloaded constructor.	It is a bitwise operator.
C++ compiler implicitly provides a copy constructor, if no copy constructor is defined in the class.	A bitwise copy gets created, if the Assignment operator is not overloaded.
Syntax: className(cont className &obj) {body}	Syntax: className obj1, obj2; obj2 = obj1;

复制构造函数	赋值运算符
当从现有对象创建新对象时调用它，作为现有对象的副本	当已经初始化的对象从另一个现有对象中分配了新值时，将调用此运算符。
它为新对象创建一个单独的内存块。	它不会创建单独的内存块或新的内存空间。
它是一个重载的构造函数。	它是一个位运算符。
如果类中没有定义复制构造函数，C++ 编译器会隐式提供复制构造函数。	如果赋值运算符未重载，则会创建按位副本。
句法： className(cont className &obj) {body}	句法: className obj1, obj2; obj2 = obj1;

Consider the following C++ program.

// CPP Program to demonstrate the use of copy constructor
// and assignment operator
#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
using namespace std;

class Test {
public:
	Test() {}
	Test(const Test& t)
	{
		cout << "Copy constructor called " << endl;
	}

	Test& operator=(const Test& t)
	{
		cout << "Assignment operator called " << endl;
		return *this;
	}
};

// Driver code
int main()
{
	Test t1, t2;
	t2 = t1;
	Test t3 = t1;
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

Output

Assignment operator called 
Copy constructor called 

Explanation: Here, t2 = t1; calls the assignment operator, same as t2.operator=(t1); and Test t3 = t1; calls the copy constructor, same as Test t3(t1);

解释：t2 = t1; 调用了赋值运算符，与t2.operator=(t1); 是相同的。Test t3 = t1; 调用了复制构造函数，与 Test t3(t1); 是相同的。