Linux下进程之间信号量互斥、同步

一、信号量

信号量一般的作用就是用在进程之间的互斥和同步操作，跟线程的锁机制差不多的作用。线程当然也可以使用信号量来进行互斥、同步。

二、程序示例

/*commom.h*/
#ifndef _COMMOM_H_
#define _COMMOM_H_

#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

union semun
{
	int val;
	struct semid_ds *buf;
	unsigned short *array;
};

int init_sem(int semid)
{
	union semun sem;
	sem.val = 1;
	if (semctl(semid, 0, SETVAL, sem)==-1)
	{
		printf("set_sem failed!\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	return 0;
}

int del_sem(int semid)
{
	union semun sem;
	if (semctl(semid, 0, IPC_RMID, sem)==-1)
	{
		printf("del_sem failed!\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	return 0;
}

int create_sem(key_t key, int num_sems)
{
	int semid;
	semid = semget(key, num_sems, 0666|IPC_CREAT);
	if (semid == -1)
	{
		printf("create_sem failed!\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	return semid;
}

int sem_p(int semid)
{
	struct sembuf sem_buf;
	sem_buf.sem_num = 0;
	sem_buf.sem_op = -1;
	sem_buf.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
	if (semop(semid, &sem_buf, 1)==-1)
	{
		printf("sem_p failed!\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	return 0;
}

int sem_v(int semid)
{
	struct sembuf sem_buf;
	sem_buf.sem_num = 0;
	sem_buf.sem_op = +1;
	sem_buf.sem_flg = SEM_UNDO;
	if (semop(semid, &sem_buf, 1)==-1)
	{
		printf("sem_p failed!\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	return 0;
}
#endif

/*sem_write1.c*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "commom.h"


int main(void)
{
	FILE *fp;
	key_t key;
	int semid;
	
	key = ftok("./commom.h", 0);
	printf("0x%x\n", key);
	semid = create_sem(key, 1);
	fp = fopen("./text.txt", "a+");
	sem_p(semid);
	fwrite("english\n", 8, 1, fp);
	sem_v(semid);
	sleep(5);
	sem_p(semid);
	fwrite("test\n", 5, 1, fp);
	sem_v(semid);
	sleep(5);
	fclose(fp);
	del_sem(semid);
	
	return 0;
}

/*sem_write2.c*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "commom.h"

int main(void)
{
	int semid;
	key_t key;
	FILE *fp;
	
	fp = fopen("./text.txt", "a+");	
	key = ftok("./commom.h", 0);
	printf("0x%x\n", key);
	semid = create_sem(key, 1);
	init_sem(semid);
	sem_p(semid);
	fwrite("hello\n", 6, 1, fp);
	sem_v(semid);
	sleep(5);
	sem_p(semid);
	fwrite("world\n", 6, 1, fp);
	sem_v(semid);
	fclose(fp);
	
	return 0;
}

#makefile
CFLAGS = -Wall -g
CC = gcc
TARGET = sem_write1 sem_write2


all:$(TARGET)
sem_write1:sem_write1.o
		$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^
sem_write2:sem_write2.o
		$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^
%.o:%.c %.h
		$(CC) -c -o $@ $<
clean:
		rm -f $(TARGET) *.o

注意：先运行sem_write2，因为sem_write2有对信号量进行初始化的操作，然后才能进行P/V操作。