C#串口介绍以及简单串口通信程序设计实现

C#串口介绍以及简单串口通信程序设计实现

周末，没事干，写个简单的串口通信工具，也算是本周末曾来过，废话不多，直接到主题

串口介绍

　　串行接口简称串口，也称串行通信接口或串行通讯接口（通常指COM接口），是采用串行通信方式的扩展接口。（至于再详细，自己百度）

串口应用：

　　工业领域使用较多，比如:数据采集，设备控制等等，好多都是用串口通信来实现！你要是细心的话，你会发现，目前家用国网智能电能表就具备RS485通信总线（串行总线的一种）与RS232可以相互转化（当然一般，非专业的谁也不会闲的蛋疼，趴电表上瞎看,最多也就看看走了多少度电）

RS232 DB9介绍：

1.示意图

2.针脚介绍：

1.  载波检测(DCD) 
2.  接受数据(RXD) 
3.  发出数据(TXD) 
4.  数据终端准备好(DTR) 
5.  信号地线(SG)
6.  数据准备好(DSR)
7.  请求发送(RTS)
8.  清除发送(CTS)
9.  振铃指示(RI)

3.实物图：

以下是我购买XX公司的一个usb转串口线：这个头就是一个公头，另一端是一个usb口

笨小孩串口工具运行图：

1.开启程序

2.发送一行字符串HelloBenXH，直接将针脚的发送和接收链接起来就可以测试了（针脚2 接受数据(RXD) 和3 发出数据(TXD)）直接链接,

C#代码实现：采用SerialPort

1.实例化一个SerialPort

private SerialPort ComDevice = new SerialPort();

2.初始化参数绑定接收数据事件

public void init()
        {
            btnSend.Enabled = false;
            cbbComList.Items.AddRange(SerialPort.GetPortNames());
            if (cbbComList.Items.Count > 0)
            {
                cbbComList.SelectedIndex = 0;
            }
            cbbBaudRate.SelectedIndex = 5;
            cbbDataBits.SelectedIndex = 0;
            cbbParity.SelectedIndex = 0; 
            cbbStopBits.SelectedIndex = 0;
            pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.red;

            ComDevice.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(Com_DataReceived);//绑定事件
            
        }

3.打开串口button事件

/// <summary>
        /// 打开串口
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnOpen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (cbbComList.Items.Count <= 0)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("没有发现串口,请检查线路！");
                return;
            }

            if (ComDevice.IsOpen == false)
            {
                ComDevice.PortName = cbbComList.SelectedItem.ToString();
                ComDevice.BaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(cbbBaudRate.SelectedItem.ToString());
                ComDevice.Parity = (Parity)Convert.ToInt32(cbbParity.SelectedIndex.ToString());
                ComDevice.DataBits = Convert.ToInt32(cbbDataBits.SelectedItem.ToString());
                ComDevice.StopBits = (StopBits)Convert.ToInt32(cbbStopBits.SelectedItem.ToString());
                try
                {
                    ComDevice.Open();
                    btnSend.Enabled = true;
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
                    return;
                }
                btnOpen.Text = "关闭串口";
                pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.green;
            }
            else
            {
                try
                {
                    ComDevice.Close();
                    btnSend.Enabled = false;
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
                }
                btnOpen.Text = "打开串口";
                pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.red;
            }

            cbbComList.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
            cbbBaudRate.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
            cbbParity.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
            cbbDataBits.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
            cbbStopBits.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen;
        }

4.发送数据

/// <summary>
        /// 发送数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="data"></param>
        public bool SendData(byte[] data)
        {
            if (ComDevice.IsOpen)
            {
                try
                {
                    ComDevice.Write(data, 0, data.Length);//发送数据
                    return true;
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("串口未打开", "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error);
            }
            return false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 发送数据button事件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            byte[] sendData = null;

            if (rbtnSendHex.Checked)
            {
                sendData = strToHexByte(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
            }
            else if (rbtnSendASCII.Checked)
            {
                sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
            }
            else if (rbtnSendUTF8.Checked)
            {
                sendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
            }
            else if (rbtnSendUnicode.Checked)
            {
                sendData = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
            }
            else
            {
                sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim());
            }

            if (this.SendData(sendData))//发送数据成功计数
            {
                lblSendCount.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate
                {
                    lblSendCount.Text = (int.Parse(lblSendCount.Text) + txtSendData.Text.Length).ToString();
                }));
            }
            else
            {

            }

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 字符串转换16进制字节数组
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="hexString"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private byte[] strToHexByte(string hexString)
        {
            hexString = hexString.Replace(" ", "");
            if ((hexString.Length % 2) != 0)
                hexString += " ";
            byte[] returnBytes = new byte[hexString.Length / 2];
            for (int i = 0; i < returnBytes.Length; i++)
                returnBytes[i] = Convert.ToByte(hexString.Substring(i * 2, 2).Replace(" ",""), 16);
            return returnBytes;
        }

5.接收和数据输出

/// <summary>
        /// 接收数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void Com_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
        {
            byte[] ReDatas = new byte[ComDevice.BytesToRead];
            ComDevice.Read(ReDatas, 0, ReDatas.Length);//读取数据
            this.AddData(ReDatas);//输出数据
        }
       
        /// <summary>
        /// 添加数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="data">字节数组</param>
        public void AddData(byte[] data)
        {
            if (rbtnHex.Checked)
            {
                StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
                for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
                {
                    sb.AppendFormat("{0:x2}" + " ", data[i]);
                }
                AddContent(sb.ToString().ToUpper());
            }
            else if (rbtnASCII.Checked)
            {
                AddContent(new ASCIIEncoding().GetString(data));
            }
            else if (rbtnUTF8.Checked)
            {
                AddContent(new UTF8Encoding().GetString(data));
            }
            else if (rbtnUnicode.Checked)
            {
                AddContent(new UnicodeEncoding().GetString(data));
            }
            else
            {}
          
            lblRevCount.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate
            {
                lblRevCount.Text = (int.Parse(lblRevCount.Text) + data.Length).ToString();
            }));
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 输入到显示区域
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="content"></param>
        private void AddContent(string content)
        {
            this.BeginInvoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate
            {
                if(chkAutoLine.Checked && txtShowData.Text.Length>0)
                {
                    txtShowData.AppendText("\r\n");
                }
                txtShowData.AppendText(content);
            }));
        }

6.清空数据区域事件

/// <summary>
        /// 清空接收区
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnClearRev_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            txtShowData.Clear();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 清空发送区
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnClearSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            txtSendData.Clear();
        }

 运行程序下载地址  BXHSerialPort.exe

源代码工程下载

不足之处，还望见谅！