Struts2基本使用-表单处理
演示不同的表单数据处理方式
- 配置Action属性与对应表单字段一致
- 将表单数据封装成JavaBean对象(使用Map结构的对象、使用Servlet中的类型、Aware接口注入)
演示案例
演示工程目录结构
案例思路:
#登录案例
##显示登录界面
/user/tologin.action
-->Filter(主控制器)
-->ActionSupport.execute
(配置<action>时,class省略)
-->Result(dispatcher)
(配置<result name="success">)
-->/WEB-INF/login.jsp
-->响应输出
public class ActionSupport{
public String execute(){
return "success";
}
}
##登录按钮处理
/user/login.action(提交表单信息)
-->Filter(主控制器)
-->LoginAction.execute
-->Result(dispatcher)
-->正确/WEB-INF/ok.jsp
失败/WEB-INF/login.jsp
public class SessionMap extends AbstractMap{
private HttpSession httpSession;
public SessionMap(HttpSession session){
httpSession = session;
}
public void put(Object key,Object value){
httpSession.setAttribute(key,value);
}
public Object get(Object key){
Object value = httpSession.getAttribute(key);
return value;
}
}
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.study</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-day01</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
<version>2.1.8</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
version="2.5">
<display-name>struts2-day01</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- Filter主控制器,在struts-core.jar包中 -->
<!-- <filter> <filter-name>strutsfilter</filter-name> 默认只有.action或没有扩展名的请求
才能进入struts.xml,调用Action <filter-class> org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter
</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>strutsfilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> -->
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>config</param-name>
<param-value>struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,struts/struts.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
struts.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.1.7//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.1.7.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="demo2" namespace="/user" extends="struts-default">
<!-- 请求toLogin会自动调用框架底层
默认的Action的execute方法处理,返回"success" -->
<action name="toLogin">
<!-- name属性默认为success
type属性默认为dispatcher -->
<result>
/WEB-INF/login.jsp
</result>
</action>
<!-- login.action请求调用
LoginAction的execute方法 -->
<action name="login" class="com.dk.action.LoginAction">
<result name="success">
/WEB-INF/ok.jsp
</result>
<result name="error">
/WEB-INF/login.jsp
</result>
</action>
</package>
<!-- name唯一性标识
extends继承框架里的Struts-default包 -->
<package name="demo1" extends="struts-default">
<!-- name请求名;class指定Action组件
method指定Action方法名,默认execute -->
<action name="hello" class="com.dk.action.HelloAction"
method="execute">
<!-- 根据HelloAction.execute返回
的String找到result定义 -->
<result name="success" type="dispatcher">
/WEB-INF/hello.jsp
</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
User.java
package com.dk.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable{
private String username;//与请求参数key一致
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
BaseAction.java
package com.dk.action;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.SessionAware;
public class BaseAction implements SessionAware{
protected Map<String,Object> session;
public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
this.session = session;
}
}
演示 配置Action属性与对应表单字段一致
LoginAction.java
package com.dk.action;
import java.util.Map;
import com.dk.entity.User;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
public class LoginAction extends BaseAction{
//接收请求参数
private String username;//与请求参数key一致
private String password;
//private User user;
//向JSP传值
private String msg;
public String execute(){
//System.out.println(user.getUsername());
//验证用户名和密码
if("scott".equalsIgnoreCase(username)
&& "123456".equals(password)){
//登录成功将user对象放入Session
//方法1,使用Map结构的对象
ActionContext ac = ActionContext.getContext();
Map<String,Object> session = ac.getSession();
session.put("username", username);
Object obj = ac.get("request");//返回Map结构的Request
System.out.println(obj);
return "success";//成功
}
//设置错误消息
msg = "用户名或密码错误";
return "error";
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
// public User getUser() {
// return user;
// }
//
// public void setUser(User user) {
// this.user = user;
// }
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
}
login.jsp
<%@page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>登录界面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="login.action" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
${msg }
</form>
</body>
</html>
ok.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>ok</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><%=session.getAttribute("username") %>
${sessionScope.username }
登录成功,欢迎访问!
</h1>
</body>
</html>
加载工程struts2-day01,启动Tomcat运行程序,最终页面效果:
录入正确:
录入错误:
将表单数据封装成JavaBean对象(使用Map结构的对象、使用Servlet中的类型、Aware接口注入)
修改以上 LoginAction.java、login.jsp、ok.jsp ,将提交表单数据封装到User对象中,通过User对象处理
login.jsp
<%@page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>登录界面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="login.action" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="user.username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="user.password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
${msg }
</form>
</body>
</html>
LoginAction.java
package com.dk.action;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.dk.entity.User;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
public class LoginAction extends BaseAction{
//接收请求参数
// private String username;//与请求参数key一致
// private String password;
private User user;
//向JSP传值
private String msg;
public String execute(){
System.out.println(user.getUsername());
//验证用户名和密码
if("scott".equalsIgnoreCase(user.getUsername())
&& "123456".equals(user.getPassword())){
//登录成功将user对象放入Session
//方法1,使用Map结构的对象
// ActionContext ac = ActionContext.getContext();
// Map<String,Object> session = ac.getSession();
// session.put("user", user);
// Object obj = ac.get("request");//返回Map结构的Request
// System.out.println(obj);
//方法2,使用Servlet中的类型
// HttpServletRequest httpRequest = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
// HttpSession session = httpRequest.getSession();
// session.setAttribute("user", user);
//方法3,使用Aware接口注入
session.put("user", user);
return "success";//成功
}
//设置错误消息
msg = "用户名或密码错误";
return "error";//失败
}
// public String getUsername() {
// return username;
// }
//
// public void setUsername(String username) {
// this.username = username;
// }
//
// public String getPassword() {
// return password;
// }
//
// public void setPassword(String password) {
// this.password = password;
// }
public User getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(User user) {
this.user = user;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
}
ok.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>ok</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1><%=session.getAttribute("user") %>
${sessionScope.username }
登录成功,欢迎访问!
</h1>
</body>
</html>
加载工程struts2-day01,启动Tomcat运行程序,最终页面效果:
录入正确:
录入错误:
#总结
##掌握Struts2处理流程
请求-->Filter控制器-->Action-->Result-->JSP
##Action组件的使用
###Action属性
-接收请求参数
单个参数接收:属性名与请求参数key保持一致
对象方式接收:请求参数key应该为属性名.子属性
-向响应JSP传值
在JSP中接收,使用${属性名}
###Action方法
-请求处理方法 public String xxx(){...}
建议:方法名用execute,可以简化action配置
##如何使用request,session,application对象
###利用ActionContext
获取Map结构对象,适合在各个组件中进行存取操作
###利用ServletActionContext
获取Servlet类型对象,适合在各个组件中使用Servlet对象API方法
###利用Aware接口
既可以获取Map,也可以获取Servlet类型。
仅适用于Action组件应用
-RequestAware获取map结构request对象
-ServletRequestAware获取Servlet类型的Request对象
-SessionAware获取map结构session对象
-ApplicationAware获取map结构application对象
-ServletContextAware获取Servlet类型application对象
-ServletResponseAware获取Servlet类型的response
相关练习:
##列表显示
需求:利用Struts2实现员工列表显示功能
/emp/list.action
-->Filter控制器-->(struts.xml)
-->EmpListAction.execute
(在execute方法中构建一个List<Emp>集合返回给JSP)
-->Result(dispatcher)
-->/WEB-INF/emp_list.jsp
(利用JSTL和EL表达式将List<Emp>生成table列表)