开发常见问题集锦—Spring部分—版本匹配兼容性问题

开发环境：IDEA2017.1.6+Spring4.1.4+Tomcat7.0.57【有问题的匹配】

                  IDEA2017.1.6+Spring4.1.4+Tomcat8.0.43 【正确的匹配】

通过实际的案例演示：

项目的最终目录结构如下：

下面先展示不同版本匹配后的效果，然后罗列代码，最终做出总结。 

 1. IDEA2017.1.6+Spring4.1.4+Tomcat7.0.57

加载工程启动Tomcat7，运行演示项目后，最终页面展示效果如下图：

2. IDEA2017.1.6+Spring4.1.4+Tomcat8.0.43

加载工程启动Tomcat7，运行演示项目后，最终页面展示效果如下图：

通过以上的页面显示对比，可以看出JSTL、EL表达式功能失效了。

下面给出本案例的代码供参考：

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.web</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvcdemo</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>springmvcdemo Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
    <org.springframework-version>4.1.4.RELEASE</org.springframework-version>
  </properties>



  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Spring MVC support -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Tag libs support for view layer -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
      <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>springmvcdemo</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.7.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.20.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
    http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">

  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <!-- 字符集 过滤器 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

spring-servlet.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

    <!-- 开启spring的扫描注入，使用如下注解 -->
    <!-- @Component,@Repository,@Service,@Controller-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.dk"/>

    <!-- 开启springMVC的注解驱动，使得url可以映射到对应的controller -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- 视图解析 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

studentDisplay.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt"%>

<html>
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <title>Spring MVC Hello World</title>
</head>

<body>
<h2>All Students in System</h2>

<table border="1">
    <tr>
        <th>Id</th>
        <th>Name</th>
        <th>Age</th>
        <th>Sex</th>
    </tr>
    <c:forEach var="student" items="${students}">
        <tr>
            <td>${student.id}</td>
            <td>${student.name}</td>
            <td>${student.age}</td>
            <td>${student.sex}</td>
        </tr>
    </c:forEach>
</table>

</body>
</html>

StudentController.java

package com.dk.controller;

import com.dk.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * Created by dk on 2017/3/27
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("student")
public class StudentController {

    @Resource(name = "studentService")
    private StudentService studentService;

    //@ResponseBody(之前我因为加了这个注解，导致页面访问一直是406错误，注释了就好啦，具体为啥我暂时还不知道)
    @RequestMapping(value = "/getAllStudent", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView getAllStudent() {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
        mav.setViewName("studentDisplay");
        mav.addObject("students", studentService.getAllStudent());
        return mav;
    }
}

StudentService.java

package com.dk.service;


import com.dk.dao.StudentDao;
import com.dk.model.Student;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by dk on 2017/3/27
 */
@Service("studentService")
public class StudentService {

    @Resource(name = "studentDao")
    private StudentDao dao;

    public List<Student> getAllStudent() {
        return dao.findAll();
    }
}

StudentDao.java

package com.dk.dao;

import com.dk.model.Student;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by dk on 2017/3/27
 */
@Repository("studentDao")
public class StudentDao {

    public List<Student> findAll() {
        List<Student> all = new ArrayList<Student>();
        all.add(new Student("1", "tom", 18, true));
        all.add(new Student("2", "cat", 28, true));
        all.add(new Student("3", "lxk", 18, true));
        all.add(new Student("4", "cms", 18, true));
        return all;
    }

    public List<Student> findAll_DB() {

        return null;
    }
}

Student.java

package com.dk.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * Created by dk on 2017/3/26
 */
public class Student implements Serializable {
    private String id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private boolean sex;


    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String id, String name, int age, boolean sex) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public boolean isSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(boolean sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
}

分析问题：

当配置如下图则会出现JSTL、EL无法使用：

 当配置如下图则JSTL、EL正常使用：

学习心得：各个版本尽量匹配

1.tomcat版本要  >=  jdk版本

2.运行时jdk版本要  >=  编译时jdk版本

3. spring版本 >=Tomcat版本

较低版本的spring，可以在较高版本的jdk和tomcat中使用，较高spring版本无法在低版本Tomcat中使用。