Android View原理解析之测量流程（measure）

提示：本文的源码均取自Android 7.0（API 24）

前言

自定义View是Android进阶路线上必须攻克的难题，而在这之前就应该先对View的工作原理有一个系统的理解。本系列将分为4篇博客进行讲解，本文主要对View的测量流程进行讲解。相关内容如下：

• Android View原理解析之基础知识(MeasureSpec、DecorView、ViewRootImpl)
• Android View原理解析之测量流程(measure)
• Android View原理解析之布局流程(layout)
• Android View原理解析之绘制流程(draw)

从View的角度看measure流程

在上一篇文章讲到整个视图树(ViewTree)的根容器是DecorView，ViewRootImpl通过调用DecorView的measure方法开启测量流程。measure是定义在View中的方法，我们就先从View的角度来看看测量过程中发生了什么。

首先来看一下measure方法中的逻辑，关键代码如下：

/**
 * This is called to find out how big a view should be. The parent
 * supplies constraint information in the width and height parameters.
 * 
 * 这个方法将调用onMeasure方法完成真正的测量工作
 * 因此View的派生类只需要也只能重写onMeasure方法完成布局逻辑
 */
public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    
    boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
    if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
    
        Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
        int oWidth  = insets.left + insets.right;
        int oHeight = insets.top  + insets.bottom;
        widthMeasureSpec  = MeasureSpec.adjust(widthMeasureSpec,  optical ? -oWidth  : oWidth);
        heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(heightMeasureSpec, optical ? -oHeight : oHeight);
    }

    // Suppress sign extension for the low bytes
    long key = (long) widthMeasureSpec << 32 | (long) heightMeasureSpec & 0xffffffffL;
    if (mMeasureCache == null) mMeasureCache = new LongSparseLongArray(2);

    final boolean forceLayout = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;

    final boolean specChanged = widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec
            || heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec;
    final boolean isSpecExactly = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY
            && MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
    final boolean matchesSpecSize = getMeasuredWidth() == MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec)
            && getMeasuredHeight() == MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
    final boolean needsLayout = specChanged
            && (sAlwaysRemeasureExactly || !isSpecExactly || !matchesSpecSize);

    // ① 判断是否需要执行测量过程
    if (forceLayout || needsLayout) {
     
        mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;

        resolveRtlPropertiesIfNeeded();

        int cacheIndex = forceLayout ?