android开发浅谈之View测量流程(Measure)

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-10 23:20:17 发布

hfreeman2008

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-10 23:20:17 发布

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分类专栏： android浅谈系统文章标签： android view

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hfreeman2008/article/details/111996784

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从ViewRootImpl#performTraversals说起

我们直接从这个方法说起，因为它是整个工作流程的核心，我们看看它的源码：

private void performTraversals() {
    // cache mView since it is used so much below...
    final View host = mView;
    ......
    int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
    int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);

     // Ask host how big it wants to be
    performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);//1
    ......
    if (didLayout) {
        performLayout(lp, mWidth, mHeight);//2
	......
	performDraw();//3
	......

我们看到它里面主要执行了三个方法，分别是performMeasure、performLayout、performDraw这三个方法，在这三个方法内部又会分别调用measure、layout、draw这三个方法来进行不同的流程。

我们先来看看performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec)这个方法，它传入两个参数，分别是childWidthMeasureSpec和childHeightMeasure.要想了解这两个参数的意思，我们就要先了解MeasureSpec。

MeasureSpec

MeasureSpec是View类的一个内部类，我们先看看官方文档对MeasureSpec类的描述:

A MeasureSpec encapsulates the layout requirements passed from parent to child. Each MeasureSpec represents a requirement for either the width or the height. A MeasureSpec is comprised of a size and a mode. There are three possible modes:
UNSPECIFIED
The parent has not imposed any constraint on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.
EXACTLY
The parent has determined an exact size for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless of how big it wants to be.
AT_MOST
The child can be as large as it wants up to the specified size.

public static class MeasureSpec {
    private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
    private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;

    /**
     * Measure specification mode: The parent has not imposed any constraint
     * on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.
     */
    public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;

    /**
     * Measure specification mode: The parent has determined an exact size
     * for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless
     * of how big it wants to be.
     */
    public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;

    /**
     * Measure specification mode: The child can be as large as it wants up
     * to the specified size.
     */
    public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

    public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,
                                      @MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
        if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
            return size + mode;
        } else {
            return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Extracts the mode from the supplied measure specification.
     *
     * @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the mode from
     * @return {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED},
     *         {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST} or
     *         {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}
     */
    @MeasureSpecMode
    public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
        //noinspection ResourceType
        return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
    }
}

可以看出，对于每一个View，包括DecorView，都持有一个MeasureSpec，而该MeasureSpec则保存了该View的尺寸规格。

我们查看ViewRootImpl#getRootMeasureSpec方法：

    /**
     * Figures out the measure spec for the root view in a window based on it's
     * layout params.
     *
     * @param windowSize
     *            The available width or height of the window
     *
     * @param rootDimension
     *            The layout params for one dimension (width or height) of the
     *            window.
     *
     * @return The measure spec to use to measure the root view.
     */
    private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
        int measureSpec;
        switch (rootDimension) {

        case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
            // Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            break;
        case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
            // Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
            break;
        default:
            // Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            break;
        }
        return measureSpec;
    }

那么到目前为止，就已经获得了一份DecorView的MeasureSpec，它代表着根View的规格、尺寸，在接下来的measure流程中，就是根据已获得的根View的MeasureSpec来逐层测量各个子View。

我们顺着①号代码往下走，来到performMeasure方法，看看它做了什么工作，

ViewRootImpl#performMeasure:

 private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
     if (mView == null) {
         return;
     }
     mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
 }

直接调用了mView.measure，这里的mView就是DecorView，也就是说，从顶级View开始了测量流程，那么我们直接进入measure流程。

measure 测量流程

ViewGroup的测量流程

由于DecorView继承自FrameLayout，是PhoneWindow的一个内部类，而FrameLayout没有measure方法，因此调用的是父类View的measure方法，我们直接看它的源码，View#measure：

public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
    if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
        Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
        int oWidth  = insets.left + insets.right;
        int oHeight = insets.top  + insets.bottom;
        widthMeasureSpec  = MeasureSpec.adjust(widthMeasureSpec,  optical ? -oWidth  : oWidth);
        heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(heightMeasureSpec, optical ? -oHeight : oHeight);
    }
	......
	onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
	......

可以看到，它在内部调用了onMeasure方法，由于DecorView是FrameLayout子类，因此它实际上调用的是DecorView#onMeasure方法。在该方法内部，到最后会调用到super.onMeasure方法，即FrameLayout#onMeasure方法。

@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    int count = getChildCount();

    final boolean measureMatchParentChildren =
            MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY ||
            MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
    mMatchParentChildren.clear();

    int maxHeight = 0;
    int maxWidth = 0;
    int childState = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
        final View child = getChildAt(i);
        if (mMeasureAllChildren || child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
            measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
            final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

            maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth,
                    child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin);
            maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight,
                    child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
            childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());
            if (measureMatchParentChildren) {
                if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT ||
                        lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    mMatchParentChildren.add(child);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Account for padding too
    maxWidth += getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground();
    maxHeight += getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground();

    // Check against our minimum height and width
    maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
    maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());

    // Check against our foreground's minimum height and width
    final Drawable drawable = getForeground();
    if (drawable != null) {
        maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, drawable.getMinimumHeight());
        maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, drawable.getMinimumWidth());
    }

    setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
            resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec,
                    childState << MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));

    count = mMatchParentChildren.size();
    if (count > 1) {
        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
            final View child = mMatchParentChildren.get(i);
            final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

            final int childWidthMeasureSpec;
            if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                final int width = Math.max(0, getMeasuredWidth()
                        - getPaddingLeftWithForeground() - getPaddingRightWithForeground()
                        - lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin);
                childWidthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
                        width, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            } else {
                childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(widthMeasureSpec,
                        getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground() +
                        lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin,
                        lp.width);
            }

            final int childHeightMeasureSpec;
            if (lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                final int height = Math.max(0, getMeasuredHeight()
                        - getPaddingTopWithForeground() - getPaddingBottomWithForeground()
                        - lp.topMargin - lp.bottomMargin);
                childHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
                        height, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            } else {
                childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(heightMeasureSpec,
                        getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground() +
                        lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin,
                        lp.height);
            }

            child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
        }
    }
}

由以上的FrameLayout的onMeasure过程可以看出，它还是做了相当多的工作的，这里简单总结一下：首先，FrameLayout根据它的MeasureSpec来对每一个子View进行测量，即调用measureChildWithMargin方法，这个方法下面会详细说明；对于每一个测量完成的子View，会寻找其中最大的宽高，那么FrameLayout的测量宽高会受到这个子View的最大宽高的影响(wrap_content模式)，接着调用setMeasureDimension方法，把FrameLayout的测量宽高保存。最后则是特殊情况的处理，即当FrameLayout为wrap_content属性时，如果其子View是match_parent属性的话，则要重新设置FrameLayout的测量规格，然后重新对该部分View测量。

小结：那么到目前为止，以DecorView为切入点，把ViewGroup的测量流程详细地分析了一遍，在ViewRootImpl#performTraversals中获得DecorView的尺寸，然后在performMeasure方法中开始测量流程，对于不同的layout布局有着不同的实现方式，但大体上是在onMeasure方法中，对每一个子View进行遍历，根据ViewGroup的MeasureSpec及子View的layoutParams来确定自身的测量宽高，然后最后根据所有子View的测量宽高信息再确定父容器的测量宽高。

那么接下来，我们继续分析对于一个子View来说，是怎么进行测量的。

View的测量流程

FrameLayout测量内提到的measureChildWithMargin方法，它接收的主要参数是子View以及父容器的MeasureSpec，所以它的作用就是对子View进行测量，那么我们直接看这个方法，ViewGroup#measureChildWithMargins:

protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
        int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
        int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
    final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

    final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
            mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
                    + widthUsed, lp.width);
    final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
            mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
                    + heightUsed, lp.height);

    child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}

View#measure

    public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
        if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
            Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
            int oWidth  = insets.left + insets.right;
            int oHeight = insets.top  + insets.bottom;
            widthMeasureSpec  = MeasureSpec.adjust(widthMeasureSpec,  optical ? -oWidth  : oWidth);
            heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(heightMeasureSpec, optical ? -oHeight : oHeight);
        }
        ......
        onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);

View#onMeasure

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
    setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
            getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}

总结

这里简单概括一下整个流程：测量始于DecorView，通过不断的遍历子View的measure方法，根据ViewGroup的MeasureSpec及子View的LayoutParams来决定子View的MeasureSpec，进一步获取子View的测量宽高，然后逐层返回，不断保存ViewGroup的测量宽高。
从文章开始到现在，View的测量流程已经全部分析完毕，View的measure流程是三大流程中最复杂的一个流程，其中的MeasureSpec贯穿了整个测量流程，占有非常重要的地位

这个是我自己所理解的measure的时序图：
在这里插入图片描述

参考资料

(1)Android 理解Window和WindowManager
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34760508/article/details/103086195
(2)Android App启动过程
https://juejin.cn/post/6844903933802987528
(3)Android View源码解读：浅谈DecorView与ViewRootImpl
https://blog.csdn.net/a553181867/article/details/51477040
(4)Android View 测量流程(Measure)完全解析
https://blog.csdn.net/a553181867/article/details/51494058
(5)Android View 绘制流程(Draw) 完全解析
https://blog.csdn.net/a553181867/article/details/51570854
(6)Android View 布局流程(Layout)完全解析
https://blog.csdn.net/a553181867/article/details/51524527

hfreeman2008

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android开发浅谈之View测量流程(Measure)

从ViewRootImpl#PerformTraveals说起我们直接从这个方法说起，因为它是整个工作流程的核心，我们看看它的源码：参考资料(1)Android 理解Window和WindowManagerhttps://blog.csdn.net/qq_34760508/article/details/103086195(2)Android App启动过程https://juejin.cn/post/6844903933802987528(3)Android View源码解读：浅谈Decor
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