Spring Bean的注入方式汇总
@Component完成bean的注入
@Configuration用于定义配置类,可替换xml配置文件,被注解的类内部包含有一个或多个被@Bean注解的方法,这些方法将会被AnnotationConfigApplicationContext或AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext类进行扫描,并用于构建bean定义,初始化Spring容器。
@Configuration可以和@Component等(@Controller、@Service、@Repository)等一起使用,那么在被@Configuration注解的配置类中则不定义任何bean,但是要在类前加上@ComponentScan注解,以便自动加载bean类型。
不使用@Component,纯配置类进行对bean配置
bean类:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
public class TestBean {
private String username;
private String url;
private String password;
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
}
public String toString() {
return "username:" + this.username + ",url:" + this.url + ",password:" + this.password;
}
public void start() {
System.out.println("TestBean 初始化。。。");
}
public void cleanUp() {
System.out.println("TestBean 销毁。。。");
}
}
配置类
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
@Configuration
public class TestConfiguration {
public TestConfiguration() {
System.out.println("TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。");
}
// @Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
// @Bean(name="testBean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
@Bean
@Scope("prototype")
public TestBean testBean() {
return new TestBean();
}
}
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class TestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);
// 如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
// ApplicationContext context = new
// ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
//获取bean
TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
tb.sayHello();
}
}
使用@Component+@ComponentScan+@Configuration
bean类:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
//添加注册bean的注解
@Component
public class TestBean {
private String username;
private String url;
private String password;
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
}
public String toString() {
return "username:" + this.username + ",url:" + this.url + ",password:" + this.password;
}
public void start() {
System.out.println("TestBean 初始化。。。");
}
public void cleanUp() {
System.out.println("TestBean 销毁。。。");
}
}
配置类,注意@ComponentScan中basePackages参数的使用:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
@Configuration
//添加自动扫描注解,basePackages为TestBean包路径
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dxz.demo.configuration")
public class TestConfiguration {
public TestConfiguration() {
System.out.println("TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。");
}
/*// @Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
// @Bean(name="testNean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
@Bean
@Scope("prototype")
public TestBean testBean() {
return new TestBean();
}*/
}
主方法测试类:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class TestMain {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式,用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);
// 如果加载spring-context.xml文件:
// ApplicationContext context = new
// ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
//获取bean
TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
tb.sayHello();
}
}
使用@Configuration进行多种注入方式的配置
若前后开发不一致造成一部分bean使用了xml的方法配置另一部分采用了配置类配置,那么可将配置类写成如下形式,使用注解@ImportResource,且对此配置类的加载方式不变:
package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
@Configuration
@ImportResource("classpath:applicationContext-configuration.xml")
public class WebConfig {
@Bean(name="testNean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
@Bean
@Scope("prototype")
public TestBean testBean() {
return new TestBean();
}
}
同时,在某个配置类中也可使用@ImportResource导入其他配置类。
package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
import com.dxz.demo.configuration.TestConfiguration;
@Configuration
@ImportResource("classpath:applicationContext-configuration.xml")
@Import(TestConfiguration.class)
public class WebConfig {
}
注:
@Configuration不可以是final类型;
@Configuration不可以是匿名类;
嵌套的configuration必须是静态类。
总结:
@Configuation等价于
@Bean等价于
@ComponentScan等价于<context:component-scan base-package=“com.dxz.demo”/>