Spring学习日记【2】——Spring Bean注入方式的汇总及使用配置类进行bean的配置

Spring Bean的注入方式汇总

@Component完成bean的注入

@Configuration用于定义配置类，可替换xml配置文件，被注解的类内部包含有一个或多个被@Bean注解的方法，这些方法将会被AnnotationConfigApplicationContext或AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext类进行扫描，并用于构建bean定义，初始化Spring容器。
@Configuration可以和@Component等（@Controller、@Service、@Repository）等一起使用，那么在被@Configuration注解的配置类中则不定义任何bean，但是要在类前加上@ComponentScan注解，以便自动加载bean类型。

不使用@Component，纯配置类进行对bean配置

bean类：

package com.dxz.demo.configuration;

public class TestBean {

    private String username;
    private String url;
    private String password;

    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "username:" + this.username + ",url:" + this.url + ",password:" + this.password;
    }

    public void start() {
        System.out.println("TestBean 初始化。。。");
    }

    public void cleanUp() {
        System.out.println("TestBean 销毁。。。");
    }
}

配置类

package com.dxz.demo.configuration;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

@Configuration
public class TestConfiguration {
    public TestConfiguration() {
        System.out.println("TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。");
    }

    // @Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
    // @Bean(name="testBean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
    @Bean
    @Scope("prototype")
    public TestBean testBean() {
        return new TestBean();
    }
}

package com.dxz.demo.configuration;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式，用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
        ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);

        // 如果加载spring-context.xml文件：
        // ApplicationContext context = new
        // ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
        
         //获取bean
        TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
        tb.sayHello();
    }
}

使用@Component+@ComponentScan+@Configuration

bean类：

package com.dxz.demo.configuration;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

//添加注册bean的注解
@Component
public class TestBean {

    private String username;
    private String url;
    private String password;

    public void sayHello() {
        System.out.println("TestBean sayHello...");
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "username:" + this.username + ",url:" + this.url + ",password:" + this.password;
    }

    public void start() {
        System.out.println("TestBean 初始化。。。");
    }

    public void cleanUp() {
        System.out.println("TestBean 销毁。。。");
    }
}

配置类，注意@ComponentScan中basePackages参数的使用：

package com.dxz.demo.configuration;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

@Configuration
//添加自动扫描注解，basePackages为TestBean包路径
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.dxz.demo.configuration")
public class TestConfiguration {
    public TestConfiguration() {
        System.out.println("TestConfiguration容器启动初始化。。。");
    }

    /*// @Bean注解注册bean,同时可以指定初始化和销毁方法
    // @Bean(name="testNean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
    @Bean
    @Scope("prototype")
    public TestBean testBean() {
        return new TestBean();
    }*/
}

主方法测试类：

package com.dxz.demo.configuration;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class TestMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // @Configuration注解的spring容器加载方式，用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext替换ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
        ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(TestConfiguration.class);

        // 如果加载spring-context.xml文件：
        // ApplicationContext context = new
        // ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-context.xml");
        
         //获取bean
        TestBean tb = (TestBean) context.getBean("testBean");
        tb.sayHello();
    }
}

使用@Configuration进行多种注入方式的配置

若前后开发不一致造成一部分bean使用了xml的方法配置另一部分采用了配置类配置，那么可将配置类写成如下形式，使用注解@ImportResource，且对此配置类的加载方式不变：

package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;

@Configuration
@ImportResource("classpath:applicationContext-configuration.xml")
public class WebConfig {
	@Bean(name="testNean",initMethod="start",destroyMethod="cleanUp")
    @Bean
    @Scope("prototype")
    public TestBean testBean() {
        return new TestBean();
    }
}

同时，在某个配置类中也可使用@ImportResource导入其他配置类。

package com.dxz.demo.configuration2;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;

import com.dxz.demo.configuration.TestConfiguration;

@Configuration
@ImportResource("classpath:applicationContext-configuration.xml")
@Import(TestConfiguration.class)
public class WebConfig {
}

注：
@Configuration不可以是final类型；
@Configuration不可以是匿名类；
嵌套的configuration必须是静态类。
总结：
@Configuation等价于
@Bean等价于
@ComponentScan等价于<context:component-scan base-package=“com.dxz.demo”/>