机器学习专栏（82）：深度Q学习（DQN）——从理论到CartPole实战-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Conan_0728/article/details/148047288

7.1 基于Transformer的DQN

一、传统Q学习的局限性

1.1 维度灾难实例分析

# Ms. Pac-Man状态空间估算
num_pellets = 150
possible_states = 2 ** num_pellets  # 约1.4e45
print(f"理论状态空间大小: {possible_states:.1e}")

传统Q表存储需求

状态数	动作数	存储空间（32位浮点）
1e6	4	16 MB
1e45	4	3.6e39 TB

二、深度Q网络（DQN）核心突破

2.1 神经网络架构设计

def build_dqn(input_shape, action_dim):
    model = tf.keras.Sequential([
        layers.Dense(64, activation='relu', input_shape=input_shape),
        layers.LayerNormalization(),
        layers.Dense(64, activation='relu'),
        layers.Dropout(0.2),
        layers.Dense(action_dim)
    ])
    return model

2.2 关键技术革新

三、DQN核心组件实现

3.1 经验回放机制

class ReplayBuffer:
    def __init__(self, capacity=10000):
        self.buffer = deque(maxlen=capacity)
    
    def add(self, state, action, reward, next_state, done):
        self.buffer.append( (state, action, reward, next_state, done) )
    
    def sample(self, batch_size):
        indices = np.random.choice(len(self.buffer), batch_size)
        return [self.buffer[i] for i in indices]

3.2 目标网络更新策略

class DQNAgent:
    def __init__(self, state_dim, action_dim):
        self.model = build_dqn(state_dim, action_dim)
        self.target_model = tf.keras.models.clone_model(self.model)
        self.update_target_network()
    
    def update_target_network(self):
        self.target_model.set_weights(self.model.get_weights())

四、CartPole环境训练实战

4.1 训练流程代码

def train_dqn(env, episodes=500, batch_size=64, gamma=0.95):
    agent = DQNAgent(env.observation_space.shape[0], env.action_space.n)
    buffer = ReplayBuffer()
    epsilon = 1.0
    rewards_history = []
    
    for ep in range(episodes):
        state = env.reset()
        total_reward = 0