iOS 新浪微博客户端Demo实践之(二) 授权页面

前面一篇博文--- 新浪微博客户端Demo实践之（一）OAuth2.0认证 已经谈得如何获取access_token了，那么现在要做的是授权界面的视图部分--UI。

    授权页面是一个webview，根据url就可以load到授权界面，下面就是授权的API 是https://api.weibo.com/oauth2/authorize，完整的授权界面的url如下

+ (NSString *) returnOAuthUrlString {
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@?client_id=%@&redirect_uri=%@&response_type=code&display=mobile&state=authorize",OAuth_URL,APP_KEY,APP_REDIRECT_URL];
}

下面介绍一下我在这个视图中是如何处理的。

（1）首先要存储acess_token，用NSUserDefaults实现数据持久化，这样的好处是，如果是第一次登陆就出现授权界面，授权后保存access_token，之后登陆就不出现授权界面，直接进入微博主页视图了。

处理的相关代码如下（在这个处理过程中我还添加了一个方法：获取用户的uid，这个参数在之后的API 调用中也是经常用到的，uid也保存到NSUserDefaults）：

- (void) getAccessToken : (NSString *) code{
    
    //access token调用URL的string
    NSMutableString *accessTokenUrlString = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%@?client_id=%@&client_secret=%@&grant_type=authorization_code&redirect_uri=%@&code=",ACCESS_TOKEN_URL,APP_KEY,APP_SECRET,APP_REDIRECT_URL];
    [accessTokenUrlString appendString:code];
    
    //同步POST请求
    NSURL *urlstring = [NSURL URLWithString:accessTokenUrlString];
    //第二步，创建请求
    NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc]initWithURL:urlstring cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy timeoutInterval:10];
    [request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];//设置请求方式为POST，默认为GET
    
    //第三步，连接服务器
    NSData *received = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:nil error:nil];
    NSString *backString = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:received encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    
    //如何从backString中获取到access_token
    NSDictionary *dictionary = [backString objectFromJSONString];
  
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:[dictionary objectForKey:@"access_token"] forKey:@"access_token"];
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
    //在获取到access_token之后就获取用户uid
    [self getUIDString];
}

- (void) getUIDString {
    
    NSString *uidURLString = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%@?access_token=%@",GET_UID_URL,[InfoForSina returnAccessTokenString]];
    NSURLRequest *request = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:uidURLString]];
    NSError *error;
    NSData *uidData = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:nil error:&error];
    NSString *uidString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:uidData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
    
    NSDictionary *uidDictionary = [uidString objectFromJSONString];
        
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:[uidDictionary objectForKey:@"uid"] forKey:@"uid"];
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
}

下面简单介绍一下NSUserDefaults：

The NSUserDefaults class provides convenience methods for accessing common types such as floats, doubles, integers, Booleans, and URLs. A default object must be a property list, that is, an instance of (or for collections a combination of instances of): NSData, NSString, NSNumber, NSDate, NSArray, or NSDictionary. If you want to store any other type of object, you should typically archive it to create an instance of NSData. 
NSUserDefaults 是本地存储数据最简单的一种方式，NSUserDefaults用于存储数据量小的数据，例如用户配置。并不是所有的东西都能往里放的，只支持：NSString, NSNumber, NSDate, NSArray, NSDictionary，如果你想存储一些自定义的（除了前面提到的以外）数据，你就应该将他转换成NSData 的形式（有人可能会想到说把我自定义的数据存到NSArray中，不就可以了吗？答案是否定的！）

  The synchronize method, which is automatically invoked at periodic intervals, keeps the in-memory cache in sync with a user’s defaults database.

定期调用同步方法 synchronize就可以保持数据，实现数据同步

Values returned from NSUserDefaults are immutable, even if you set a mutable object as the value.

从NSUserDefaults进行返回的值是不可改变的，即使你设置一个可变的对象作为value。

Persistence of NSURL and file reference URLs

当然也可以持久化保持NSURL和URLs

可以在文档中找到相关的getter和setter 方法进行设置。这里就不多说了。

下面详细讲一下如何在NSUserDefaults读取和写入自定义的数据（一般都是些自定义的类）。

解决方案：对自定义的类对象进行编码成NSData形式进行存储，使用时再对其进行解码。需要在自定义的类中实现<NSCoding>协议中的两个方法：- (id) initWithCoder: (NSCoder *)coder （编码）  和  - (void) encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder （解码）。

下面以一个小小的demo程序实践一下。我定义了一个student类，里面有两个property：chinaeseNameString  和  englishNameString，在实现方法中实现编码和解码的两个方法。（注意添加NSCoding协议）。

  以下分别是.h和.m文件代码，十分的简单。

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Student : NSObject <NSCoding>
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *chinaeseNameString;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *englishNameString;
@end

#import "Student.h"

@implementation Student
@synthesize chinaeseNameString = _chinaeseNameString;
@synthesize englishNameString = _englishNameString;
- (void) encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder {
    [aCoder encodeObject:_chinaeseNameString forKey:@"chinaeseNameString"];
    [aCoder encodeObject:_englishNameString forKey:@"englishNameString"];
}

- (id) initWithCoder: (NSCoder *)coder {
    if (self = [super init])
    {
        _chinaeseNameString = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"chinaeseNameString"];
        _englishNameString = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"englishNameString"];
    }
    return self;
}
@end

下面这段代码创建一个student实例，编码成NSData，存储到NSUserDefaults，然后取出解码，进行显示。

Student *stu = [[Student alloc] init];
    stu.chinaeseNameString= @"小邓";
    stu.englishNameString = @"xiaodeng";
    
    NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] init];
    data = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:stu];
    
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:data forKey:@"Student"];
    [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
    
    Student *anotherStu = [[Student alloc] init];
    NSData *anotherData = [[NSData alloc] init];
    anotherData = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"Student"];
    anotherStu = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:anotherData];
    
    NSLog(@"anotherStu chinaeseName:%@",anotherStu.chinaeseNameString);
    NSLog(@"anotherStu englishName:%@",anotherStu.englishNameString);

注意到两个方法：

+ (id)unarchiveObjectWithData:(NSData *)data
Decodes and returns the object graph previously encoded by NSKeyedArchiver and stored in a given NSData object.是 NSKeyedArchiver 的类方法

+ (id)unarchiveObjectWithData:(NSData *)data
Decodes and returns the object graph previously encoded by NSKeyedArchiver and stored in a given NSData object.  是 NSKeyedUnarchiver 的类方法

（2）程序运行的最开始我设置了一个欢迎界面视图imageview，显示一张sina微博的图片，延迟0.8秒进行动画跳转。根据NSUserDefaults中是否保存有access_token决定跳转到哪一个视图（授权视图webView，还是微博主页视图mainView）。

代码实现如下：

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
	// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
    hud = [[MBProgressHUD alloc] init];

    if ([[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"access_token"] == nil) {
        hud.labelText = @"正在加载授权页面...";
        [hud show:YES];
        [self.view addSubview:hud];
        
        NSString *oauthUrlString = [InfoForSina returnOAuthUrlString];
        NSURLRequest *request = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:oauthUrlString]];
        [self.webView setDelegate:self];
        [self.webView loadRequest:request];
        _imageView.hidden = NO;
        timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.8 target:self selector:@selector(goWebView) userInfo:nil repeats:NO];
    }
    else {
        hud.labelText = @"正在加载微博内容...";
        [hud show:YES];
        [self.view addSubview:hud];

        _imageView.hidden = NO;
        timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.8 target:self selector:@selector(goMainView) userInfo:nil repeats:NO];
    }
    
}

- (void) goWebView {
    
    [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL];
	[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.8];
	[UIView setAnimationTransition:UIViewAnimationTransitionFlipFromRight
                           forView:self.view cache:YES];
    _imageView.hidden = YES;
    [UIView commitAnimations];
}

- (void) goMainView {
    [UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL];
	[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.8];
	[UIView setAnimationTransition:UIViewAnimationTransitionFlipFromRight
                           forView:self.view cache:YES];
    _imageView.hidden = YES;
    [UIView commitAnimations];
    [hud removeFromSuperview];
    [self performSegueWithIdentifier:@"MainSegue" sender:nil];
}

- (void) webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView {
    [hud removeFromSuperview];
}