前面一篇博文--- 新浪微博客户端Demo实践之(一)OAuth2.0认证 已经谈得如何获取access_token了,那么现在要做的是授权界面的视图部分--UI。
授权页面是一个webview,根据url就可以load到授权界面,下面就是授权的API 是https://api.weibo.com/oauth2/authorize,完整的授权界面的url如下
+ (NSString *) returnOAuthUrlString {
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@?client_id=%@&redirect_uri=%@&response_type=code&display=mobile&state=authorize",OAuth_URL,APP_KEY,APP_REDIRECT_URL];
}
下面介绍一下我在这个视图中是如何处理的。
(1)首先要存储acess_token,用NSUserDefaults实现数据持久化,这样的好处是,如果是第一次登陆就出现授权界面,授权后保存access_token,之后登陆就不出现授权界面,直接进入微博主页视图了。
处理的相关代码如下(在这个处理过程中我还添加了一个方法:获取用户的uid,这个参数在之后的API 调用中也是经常用到的,uid也保存到NSUserDefaults):
- (void) getAccessToken : (NSString *) code{
//access token调用URL的string
NSMutableString *accessTokenUrlString = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%@?client_id=%@&client_secret=%@&grant_type=authorization_code&redirect_uri=%@&code=",ACCESS_TOKEN_URL,APP_KEY,APP_SECRET,APP_REDIRECT_URL];
[accessTokenUrlString appendString:code];
//同步POST请求
NSURL *urlstring = [NSURL URLWithString:accessTokenUrlString];
//第二步,创建请求
NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[NSMutableURLRequest alloc]initWithURL:urlstring cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy timeoutInterval:10];
[request setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];//设置请求方式为POST,默认为GET
//第三步,连接服务器
NSData *received = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:nil error:nil];
NSString *backString = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:received encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
//如何从backString中获取到access_token
NSDictionary *dictionary = [backString objectFromJSONString];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:[dictionary objectForKey:@"access_token"] forKey:@"access_token"];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
//在获取到access_token之后就获取用户uid
[self getUIDString];
}
- (void) getUIDString {
NSString *uidURLString = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"%@?access_token=%@",GET_UID_URL,[InfoForSina returnAccessTokenString]];
NSURLRequest *request = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:uidURLString]];
NSError *error;
NSData *uidData = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:nil error:&error];
NSString *uidString = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:uidData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSDictionary *uidDictionary = [uidString objectFromJSONString];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:[uidDictionary objectForKey:@"uid"] forKey:@"uid"];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
}
下面简单介绍一下NSUserDefaults:
The NSUserDefaults class provides convenience methods for accessing common types such as floats, doubles, integers, Booleans, and URLs. A default object must be a property list, that is, an instance of (or for collections a combination of instances of): NSData, NSString, NSNumber, NSDate, NSArray, or NSDictionary. If you want to store any other type of object, you should typically archive it to create an instance of NSData.
NSUserDefaults 是本地存储数据最简单的一种方式,NSUserDefaults用于存储数据量小的数据,例如用户配置。并不是所有的东西都能往里放的,只支持:NSString, NSNumber, NSDate, NSArray, NSDictionary,如果你想存储一些自定义的(除了前面提到的以外)数据,你就应该将他转换成NSData 的形式(有人可能会想到说把我自定义的数据存到NSArray中,不就可以了吗?答案是否定的!)
The synchronize method, which is automatically invoked at periodic intervals, keeps the in-memory cache in sync with a user’s defaults database.
定期调用同步方法 synchronize就可以保持数据,实现数据同步
Values returned from NSUserDefaults are immutable, even if you set a mutable object as the value.
从NSUserDefaults进行返回的值是不可改变的,即使你设置一个可变的对象作为value。
Persistence of NSURL and file reference URLs
当然也可以持久化保持NSURL和URLs
可以在文档中找到相关的getter和setter 方法进行设置。这里就不多说了。
下面详细讲一下如何在NSUserDefaults读取和写入自定义的数据(一般都是些自定义的类)。
解决方案:对自定义的类对象进行编码成NSData形式进行存储,使用时再对其进行解码。需要在自定义的类中实现<NSCoding>协议中的两个方法:- (id) initWithCoder: (NSCoder *)coder (编码) 和 - (void) encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder (解码)。
下面以一个小小的demo程序实践一下。我定义了一个student类,里面有两个property:chinaeseNameString 和 englishNameString,在实现方法中实现编码和解码的两个方法。(注意添加NSCoding协议)。
以下分别是.h和.m文件代码,十分的简单。
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface Student : NSObject <NSCoding>
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *chinaeseNameString;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *englishNameString;
@end
#import "Student.h"
@implementation Student
@synthesize chinaeseNameString = _chinaeseNameString;
@synthesize englishNameString = _englishNameString;
- (void) encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder {
[aCoder encodeObject:_chinaeseNameString forKey:@"chinaeseNameString"];
[aCoder encodeObject:_englishNameString forKey:@"englishNameString"];
}
- (id) initWithCoder: (NSCoder *)coder {
if (self = [super init])
{
_chinaeseNameString = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"chinaeseNameString"];
_englishNameString = [coder decodeObjectForKey:@"englishNameString"];
}
return self;
}
@end
Student *stu = [[Student alloc] init];
stu.chinaeseNameString= @"小邓";
stu.englishNameString = @"xiaodeng";
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] init];
data = [NSKeyedArchiver archivedDataWithRootObject:stu];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] setObject:data forKey:@"Student"];
[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize];
Student *anotherStu = [[Student alloc] init];
NSData *anotherData = [[NSData alloc] init];
anotherData = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"Student"];
anotherStu = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithData:anotherData];
NSLog(@"anotherStu chinaeseName:%@",anotherStu.chinaeseNameString);
NSLog(@"anotherStu englishName:%@",anotherStu.englishNameString);
+ (id)unarchiveObjectWithData:(NSData *)data
Decodes and returns the object graph previously encoded by NSKeyedArchiver and stored in a given NSData object.是 NSKeyedArchiver 的类方法
+ (id)unarchiveObjectWithData:(NSData *)data
Decodes and returns the object graph previously encoded by NSKeyedArchiver and stored in a given NSData object. 是 NSKeyedUnarchiver 的类方法
(2)程序运行的最开始我设置了一个欢迎界面视图imageview,显示一张sina微博的图片,延迟0.8秒进行动画跳转。根据NSUserDefaults中是否保存有access_token决定跳转到哪一个视图(授权视图webView,还是微博主页视图mainView)。
代码实现如下:
- (void)viewDidLoad
{
[super viewDidLoad];
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
hud = [[MBProgressHUD alloc] init];
if ([[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:@"access_token"] == nil) {
hud.labelText = @"正在加载授权页面...";
[hud show:YES];
[self.view addSubview:hud];
NSString *oauthUrlString = [InfoForSina returnOAuthUrlString];
NSURLRequest *request = [[NSURLRequest alloc] initWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:oauthUrlString]];
[self.webView setDelegate:self];
[self.webView loadRequest:request];
_imageView.hidden = NO;
timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.8 target:self selector:@selector(goWebView) userInfo:nil repeats:NO];
}
else {
hud.labelText = @"正在加载微博内容...";
[hud show:YES];
[self.view addSubview:hud];
_imageView.hidden = NO;
timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:0.8 target:self selector:@selector(goMainView) userInfo:nil repeats:NO];
}
}
- (void) goWebView {
[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL];
[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.8];
[UIView setAnimationTransition:UIViewAnimationTransitionFlipFromRight
forView:self.view cache:YES];
_imageView.hidden = YES;
[UIView commitAnimations];
}
- (void) goMainView {
[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:NULL];
[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.8];
[UIView setAnimationTransition:UIViewAnimationTransitionFlipFromRight
forView:self.view cache:YES];
_imageView.hidden = YES;
[UIView commitAnimations];
[hud removeFromSuperview];
[self performSegueWithIdentifier:@"MainSegue" sender:nil];
}
- (void) webViewDidFinishLoad:(UIWebView *)webView {
[hud removeFromSuperview];
}