Docker认识和深入（二）

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-19 20:09:04 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-04-19 20:09:04 发布
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分类专栏： Docker 文章标签： docker linux centos
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Docker认识和深入（二）

容器数据卷

什么是容器数据卷

docker将应用和环境打包成一个镜像！那么数据怎么办，如果数据都在容器中，那么我们容器删除，数据就会丢失！需要：数据可以持久化 Mysql， 容器删了，Mysql数据可以存储在本地，容器之间可以有一个数据共享技术，Docker 容器 产生的数据，同步到本地

这就是卷技术，目录的挂载，将我们容器内的目录，挂载到Linux上面！
在这里插入图片描述

容器的持久化和同步操作，容器创建也是可以数据共享的。

使用数据卷

方法一，直接使用命令来挂载 -v

[root@VM-0-15-centos home]# docker  run -it -v 主机目录，容器内目录

[root@VM-0-15-centos home]# docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home centos /bin/bash
[root@a38b20352b92 /]# cd /home
[root@a38b20352b92 home]# ls

[root@a38b20352b92 home]# [root@VM-0-15-centos home]# docker inspect a38b20352b92
[
    {
        "Id": "a38b20352b92744182b02f04b54b28b8fecad1c2968c71029fa08a87e38bbcb2",
        "Created": "2021-02-27T21:00:01.224038543Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 164311,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-02-27T21:00:01.942921355Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a38b20352b92744182b02f04b54b28b8fecad1c2968c71029fa08a87e38bbcb2/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a38b20352b92744182b02f04b54b28b8fecad1c2968c71029fa08a87e38bbcb2/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a38b20352b92744182b02f04b54b28b8fecad1c2968c71029fa08a87e38bbcb2/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a38b20352b92744182b02f04b54b28b8fecad1c2968c71029fa08a87e38bbcb2/a38b20352b92744182b02f04b54b28b8fecad1c2968c71029fa08a87e38bbcb2-json.log",
        "Name": "/funny_williamson",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": [
                "/home/ceshi:/home"
            ],
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3f20f90abb60811570efc5a8f22eb543c9aa0281c9791a82d48d81271a8a4d72-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/d9a9bf7b3335d07d2b17c68fd2740fdb791ee1dad81cf444c899e9fc6950962f/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3f20f90abb60811570efc5a8f22eb543c9aa0281c9791a82d48d81271a8a4d72/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3f20f90abb60811570efc5a8f22eb543c9aa0281c9791a82d48d81271a8a4d72/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3f20f90abb60811570efc5a8f22eb543c9aa0281c9791a82d48d81271a8a4d72/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "bind",
                "Source": "/home/ceshi",
                "Destination": "/home",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": "rprivate"
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "a38b20352b92",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "626aac1eaa5039cb63bd9f45285dceba43bb05a737cec8aa5e131b54b889da1b",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/626aac1eaa50",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "43f9d1bfb338f1a0eeaa536a8d2a646845cf9bbc29221109124560ffa84f6c8a",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "0e9f5f104436d02c097d84143e55cb7db8d8ce04d3ddc724f6c0ba6f9f4f8486",
                    "EndpointID": "43f9d1bfb338f1a0eeaa536a8d2a646845cf9bbc29221109124560ffa84f6c8a",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.4",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:04",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

[root@VM-0-15-centos home]# ls
ceshi  test.java

用查看容器信息，看到已经挂载成功

在这里插入图片描述

共享数据

[root@VM-0-15-centos home]# docker exec -it a38b20352b92  /bin/bash
[root@a38b20352b92 /]# cd /home
[root@a38b20352b92 home]# touch test.java
[root@a38b20352b92 home]# ls
test.java
[root@a38b20352b92 home]# read escape sequence
[root@VM-0-15-centos home]# ls
ceshi  test.java
[root@VM-0-15-centos home]# cd ceshi
[root@VM-0-15-centos ceshi]# ls
test.java
[root@VM-0-15-centos ceshi]#

总结，你容器里面修改了数据，挂载到linux的目录下的文件也同步修改了，可以说是双向绑定。

安装Mysql，同步数据

#获取镜像
[root@localhost home] docker pull mysql:5.7

#运行容器 需要做数据挂载出来 配置mysql 密码
#参数
-d 后台运行
-p 端口映射
-v 卷挂载
-e 密码配置
--name 容器名字


[root@localhost home]docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/grkj/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/grkj/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root  --name mysql5.7 mysql:5.7

具名和匿名挂载

#匿名挂载
-v 容器内路径
-d 后台运行
-P 随机端口
--name 容器名
-v 挂载卷
#匿名挂载，在 -v 只写容器内的路径，没有写容器外的路径
[root@localhost home] docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx
#查看所有的volume 的情况
[root@localhost home] docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     6998ce93e67d3d3bdd4151425ce507d7f290cf7889c488308f5e0d414c31f4c3



#具名挂载
[root@localhost data]# docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx nginx
5a55f9620a69b10037ab9751a5429a3b65c141d94c8d5b26ea4b9558d0a06cb9
[root@localhost data]# docker volume ls
DRIVER    VOLUME NAME
local     6998ce93e67d3d3bdd4151425ce507d7f290cf7889c488308f5e0d414c31f4c3
local     juming-nginx
[root@localhost data]# docker volume inspect  juming-nginx
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2021-02-28T16:26:58+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": null,
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data",
        "Name": "juming-nginx",
        "Options": null,
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]

[root@localhost data]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/
[root@localhost volumes]# ls
6998ce93e67d3d3bdd4151425ce507d7f290cf7889c488308f5e0d414c31f4c3  juming-nginx
backingFsBlockDev                                                 metadata.db

所有的docker 容器内的卷， 没有指定目录的情况下都是在 /var/lib/docker/volumes/XXX/_data

通过具名挂载可以方便的找到一个卷，大多数情况在使用的 具名挂载

#如何确定是具名挂载还是匿名挂载，还是指定路径挂载
-v 容器内路径  #匿名挂载
-v 卷名:容器内路径   #具名挂载
-v /宿主机路径:容器内路径 #指定路径挂载

#通过 -v 容器内路径 ： ro rw 改变读写权限
ro  readonly #只读
rw  readwrite  #可读可写

#一旦这个设置了容器权限，容器对我们挂载出来的内容就有限定了；
[root@localhost data]# docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro nginx

[root@localhost data]# docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:rw nginx

初始Docker file

Dockerfile 就是用来构建 docker 镜像的构建文件！命令脚本。

通过这个脚本可以生成镜像，镜像是一层一层的，脚本的一个个的命令，每个脚本都是一层

#方式二
[root@localhost /]# cd home
[root@localhost home]# ls


[root@localhost home]mkdir docker-test-volume 
[root@localhost docker-test-volume]# vim dockerfile1

#自定义一个 DockerFile 文件
#以 centos为镜像
FROM centos

# 挂载 文件目录
VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]

#打印输出 结束
CMD echo "----end----"
# 进入 该文件下
CMD /bin/bash

[root@localhost docker-test-volume]# docker build -f dockerfile1 -t kelecc/centos .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/4 : FROM centos
latest: Pulling from library/centos
7a0437f04f83: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
 ---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/4 : VOLUME ["volume01","volume02"]
 ---> Running in 470a4f87a1c9
Removing intermediate container 470a4f87a1c9
 ---> 2e543565a263
Step 3/4 : CMD echo "----end----"
 ---> Running in fea835265982
Removing intermediate container fea835265982
 ---> ccb90b7181c0
Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash
 ---> Running in dcaf336e68c1
Removing intermediate container dcaf336e68c1
 ---> 006a24864b5b
Successfully built 006a24864b5b
Successfully tagged kelecc/centos:latest
[root@localhost docker-test-volume]# docker images
REPOSITORY      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
kelecc/centos   latest    006a24864b5b   9 seconds ago   209MB
centos          latest    300e315adb2f   2 months ago    209MB
hello-world     latest    bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB

[root@localhost volumes]# docker run -it 006a24864b5b /bin/bash

#这里  volume02 volume01 就是生成的镜像 自动挂载 的  数据卷目录
[root@5c039dbbdce9 /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var	   volume02
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  volume01

#进入 新建的容器 创建一个txt ,测试是否数据同步
[root@5c039dbbdce9 /]# cd volume01
[root@5c039dbbdce9 volume01]# touch controller.txt
[root@5c039dbbdce9 volume01]# exit

#查看容器信息
[root@localhost volumes]# docker inspect 5c039dbbdce9
[
    {
        "Id": "5c039dbbdce92fd83b06bd33d5811e5da64411d8dd48d4ab944cf9fb90b4bff0",
        "Created": "2021-03-01T12:30:19.691745796Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "exited",
            "Running": false,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 0,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-03-01T12:30:20.051950488Z",
            "FinishedAt": "2021-03-01T12:35:24.418866002Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:006a24864b5b1cc76c64aade84ea5175cf8e92020b6d09f7760343c9da56f86a",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5c039dbbdce92fd83b06bd33d5811e5da64411d8dd48d4ab944cf9fb90b4bff0/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5c039dbbdce92fd83b06bd33d5811e5da64411d8dd48d4ab944cf9fb90b4bff0/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5c039dbbdce92fd83b06bd33d5811e5da64411d8dd48d4ab944cf9fb90b4bff0/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/5c039dbbdce92fd83b06bd33d5811e5da64411d8dd48d4ab944cf9fb90b4bff0/5c039dbbdce92fd83b06bd33d5811e5da64411d8dd48d4ab944cf9fb90b4bff0-json.log",
        "Name": "/fervent_ardinghelli",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/794eb5f4aae4619a66167528d17a82ca04d776563f84442c753b6fb6d413041c-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3efff6b907dcb3da9be0cbc7ba90df5a44c4840ca26d46faeab7aa1aa9b0b433/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/794eb5f4aae4619a66167528d17a82ca04d776563f84442c753b6fb6d413041c/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/794eb5f4aae4619a66167528d17a82ca04d776563f84442c753b6fb6d413041c/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/794eb5f4aae4619a66167528d17a82ca04d776563f84442c753b6fb6d413041c/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [
            {
                "Type": "volume",
                "Name": "90e784b99f887388a753f90701a9bd3440c64eaf915f3d5f7c7cb338af7fbd10",
                "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/90e784b99f887388a753f90701a9bd3440c64eaf915f3d5f7c7cb338af7fbd10/_data",
                "Destination": "volume01",
                "Driver": "local",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": ""
            },
            {
                "Type": "volume",
                "Name": "7ddd200bfab2e4b4e240475d5aaf7d6fc507de2c7f993a7cccccc1bc15c28dec",
                "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/7ddd200bfab2e4b4e240475d5aaf7d6fc507de2c7f993a7cccccc1bc15c28dec/_data",
                "Destination": "volume02",
                "Driver": "local",
                "Mode": "",
                "RW": true,
                "Propagation": ""
            }
        ],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "5c039dbbdce9",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "006a24864b5b",
            "Volumes": {
                "volume01": {},
                "volume02": {}
            },
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "3e2c3eb0ab443678fc9a72b48cfb131d9cca6acdb2ed0d6355deb45866d514aa",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/3e2c3eb0ab44",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "",
            "Gateway": "",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "",
            "IPPrefixLen": 0,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "1fc5103aeb1133b747d30d9efc566cca7c0ce9a27cba8ccb279ee2fa100d224e",
                    "EndpointID": "",
                    "Gateway": "",
                    "IPAddress": "",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 0,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

可以看到 匿名挂载已经成功

在这里插入图片描述

#进入该目录下 可以看到数据同步成功

[root@localhost volumes]# clear
[root@localhost volumes]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/90e784b99f887388a753f90701a9bd3440c64eaf915f3d5f7c7cb338af7fbd10/_data
[root@localhost _data]# ls
controller.txt
[root@localhost _data]#

数据卷容器

多个容器同步数据：

在这里插入图片描述

#启动父容器 也就是数据卷容器
[root@localhost _data]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
kelecc/centos                                   1.0       006a24864b5b   30 hours ago    209MB
kelecc/centos                                   latest    006a24864b5b   30 hours ago    209MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kelecc/kele   1.1       006a24864b5b   30 hours ago    209MB
mysql                                           5.7       a70d36bc331a   5 weeks ago     449MB
nginx                                           latest    f6d0b4767a6c   6 weeks ago     133MB
centos                                          latest    300e315adb2f   2 months ago    209MB
hello-world                                     1.1       bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB
hello-world                                     latest    bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost _data]# docker run -it --name centos01 kelecc/centos:1.0
[root@26579f0654ed /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var	   volume02
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  volume01
#ctrl+p+q 退出当前容器 保持运行容器 
[root@26579f0654ed /]# Unsupported signal: <nil>. Discarding.
[root@localhost _data]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                               NAMES
26579f0654ed   kelecc/centos:1.0   "/bin/sh -c /bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute                                       centos01
[root@localhost _data]#

#启动子容器 继承父容器的数据卷
[root@localhost _data]# docker run -it --name centos02 --volumes-from centos01 kelecc/centos:1.0
#可以看到  ["volume01","volume02"] 数据卷已经同步过来
[root@c3a5d5ec65fb /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var	   volume02
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  volume01
#ctrl+p+q 退出并运行容器  
# docker attch  进入当前运行的容器 centos
[root@c3a5d5ec65fb /]# [root@localhost _data]# docker attach 26579f0654ed
[root@26579f0654ed /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var	   volume02
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  volume01
#打开 volume01 文件夹 创建 一个txt
[root@26579f0654ed /]# cd volume01
[root@26579f0654ed volume01]# ls
[root@26579f0654ed volume01]# touch centos01.txt
[root@26579f0654ed volume01]# ls
centos01.txt
[root@26579f0654ed volume01]# read escape sequence

#ctrl+p+q 退出并运行容器  
# docker attch  进入当前运行的容器 centos
[root@localhost _data]# docker attach c3a5d5ec65fb
[root@c3a5d5ec65fb /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var	   volume02
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr  volume01
[root@c3a5d5ec65fb /]# cd volume01
#这里我们可以发现数据已经同步过来了
[root@c3a5d5ec65fb volume01]# ls
centos01.txt
[root@c3a5d5ec65fb volume01]#

top：小提示，删除 centos 01 的文件之后， centos 的文件依然可以访问， 这里面是一个虚拟文件系统挂载，挂载到一个路径！！！

#多个mysql同步数据
[root@localhost home]docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/grkj/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/grkj/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root  --name mysql01 mysql:5.7

[root@localhost home]docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /home/grkj/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/grkj/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root  --name mysql02 --volumes-from mysql01  mysql:5.7

#这个时候，可以实现两个容器数据同步！

总结：容器之间配置信息的传递，数据卷容器的生命周期一直持续到没有容器使用为止！！！

但是一旦你持久化到本地，这个时候，本地的数据是不会删除的 ！！！

Docker file

docker file 是用来构建 docker镜像的文件，命令参数脚本！

构建步骤！

  1. 编写一个docker file 文件
  2. docker build 构建成为一个镜像
  3. docker run 运行镜像
  4. docker push 发布镜像

查看官方是怎么构建的

官方地址：https://hub.docker.com/_/centos

在这里插入图片描述

我们可以看到 github 上面 dockerfile 这些指令

在这里插入图片描述

很多官方镜像都是基础包，很多功能没有，我们通常会自己搭自己的镜像！

DockerFile 构建过程

基础知识：

  1. 每个保留字关键字（指令）都是必须是大写字母
  2. 执行从上到下顺序执行
  3. #表示注释
  4. 每一个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像层，并提交

在这里插入图片描述

docker file 是面向开发的，那我们以后要发布项目，做镜像，就需要编写 docker file 文件，这个文件是否简单！

docker file :构建文件，定义了一切的步骤，源代码

dockerImages: 通过DockerFile 构建生成的镜像，最终发布和运行的产品

docker容器： 容器就是镜像运行起来提供服务器

DockerFile 的指令

FROM              #基础镜像，一切从这里开始构建
MAINTAINER        #镜像是谁写的，姓名+邮箱
RUN               #镜像构建的时候需要运行的命令
ADD               #步骤： tomcat 镜像 这个tomcat压缩包！ 添加内容
WORKDIR           #镜像的工作目录
VOLUME            #挂载的目录
EXPOSE			  #保留端口配置  相当于  docker里面的指令  -p
CMD				  #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令,只有最后一个会生效，可被替代
ENTRYPOINT        #指定这个容器启动的时候要运行的命令,可以追加命令
ONBUILD           #当构建一个被继承 DockerFile 这个时候就会运行 OBUILD 的指令，触发指定
COPY              #类似ADD ,将我们文件拷贝到镜像中
ENV               #构建的时候设置环境变量！

在这里插入图片描述

自定义一个 centos镜像

Docker hub 中99%镜像都是从这个镜像过来的 FROM scratch ,然后配置需要的软件和配置来进行的构建

在这里插入图片描述

创建一个 centos

FROM centos
MAINTAINER kelecc<770149701@qq.com>

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yun -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools

EXPOSE 80

CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "----end----"

CMD ["/bin/bash"]

#开始构建
[root@localhost grkj]# vim myDockerFile-centos
[root@localhost grkj]# cat myDockerFile-centos
FROM centos
MAINTAINER kelecc<770149701@qq.com>

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools

EXPOSE 80

CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "----end----"

CMD /bin/bash

#构建镜像  结尾有 个 【.】  这个很重要
[root@localhost grkj]# docker build -f myDockerFile-centos -t mycentos:2.0 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  207.2MB
Step 1/10 : FROM centos
 ---> 300e315adb2f
Step 2/10 : MAINTAINER kelecc<770149701@qq.com>
 ---> Using cache
 ---> b284ad2d3c26
Step 3/10 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local
 ---> Using cache
 ---> cc219c7e22dd
Step 4/10 : WORKDIR $MYPATH
 ---> Using cache
 ---> fb746bb2482a
Step 5/10 : RUN yum -y install vim
 ---> Running in c0b8f57ff1cd
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      1.7 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:03    
CentOS Linux 8 - BaseOS                         504 kB/s | 2.3 MB     00:04    
CentOS Linux 8 - Extras                         3.1 kB/s | 9.0 kB     00:02    
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Mon Mar  1 14:23:40 2021.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package             Arch        Version                   Repository      Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 vim-enhanced        x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      1.4 M
Installing dependencies:
 gpm-libs            x86_64      1.20.7-15.el8             appstream       39 k
 vim-common          x86_64      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream      6.3 M
 vim-filesystem      noarch      2:8.0.1763-15.el8         appstream       48 k
 which               x86_64      2.21-12.el8               baseos          49 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  5 Packages

Total download size: 7.8 M
Installed size: 30 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm        312 kB/s |  39 kB     00:00    
(2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch.rp 606 kB/s |  48 kB     00:00    
(3/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm  1.6 MB/s | 1.4 MB     00:00    
(4/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64.rpm    1.8 MB/s | 6.3 MB     00:03    
(5/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm             9.3 kB/s |  49 kB     00:05    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           844 kB/s | 7.8 MB     00:09     
warning: /var/cache/dnf/appstream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
CentOS Linux 8 - AppStream                      1.6 MB/s | 1.6 kB     00:00    
Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D:
 Userid     : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>"
 Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Key imported successfully
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               1/5 
  Installing       : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                2/5 
  Installing       : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    3/5 
  Installing       : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          4/5 
  Installing       : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  5/5 
  Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    5/5 
  Verifying        : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64                          1/5 
  Verifying        : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                    2/5 
  Verifying        : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64                  3/5 
  Verifying        : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch                4/5 
  Verifying        : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64                               5/5 

Installed:
  gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64         vim-common-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64    
  vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-15.el8.noarch
  which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64             

Complete!
Removing intermediate container c0b8f57ff1cd
 ---> 22f5df8ebf2d
Step 6/10 : RUN yum -y install net-tools
 ---> Running in 4514c605be68
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:17 ago on Mon Mar  1 14:23:40 2021.
Dependencies resolved.
================================================================================
 Package         Architecture Version                        Repository    Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 net-tools       x86_64       2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8       baseos       322 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 322 k
Installed size: 942 k
Downloading Packages:
net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64.rpm   603 kB/s | 322 kB     00:00    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           322 kB/s | 322 kB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                        1/1 
  Installing       : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 
  Running scriptlet: net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 
  Verifying        : net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64              1/1 

Installed:
  net-tools-2.0-0.52.20160912git.el8.x86_64                                     

Complete!
Removing intermediate container 4514c605be68
 ---> 2a8485ded39b
Step 7/10 : EXPOSE 80
 ---> Running in f5d7ba1eb1ed
Removing intermediate container f5d7ba1eb1ed
 ---> b8f330154e88
Step 8/10 : CMD echo $MYPATH
 ---> Running in db3a63473535
Removing intermediate container db3a63473535
 ---> b87d77efb0ae
Step 9/10 : CMD echo "----end----"
 ---> Running in fdea3e39ca30
Removing intermediate container fdea3e39ca30
 ---> 7da6ea558318
Step 10/10 : CMD /bin/bash
 ---> Running in 674ee6bb3970
Removing intermediate container 674ee6bb3970
 ---> bf128d87affe
Successfully built bf128d87affe
Successfully tagged mycentos:2.0

#构建成功 查看镜像
[root@localhost grkj]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mycentos      2.0       bf128d87affe   4 minutes ago   291MB

[root@localhost grkj]#

查看官方镜像如何生成

[root@localhost grkj]# docker images
REPOSITORY                                      TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mycentos                                        2.0       bf128d87affe   9 minutes ago   291MB
kelecc/centos                                   1.0       006a24864b5b   31 hours ago    209MB
kelecc/centos                                   latest    006a24864b5b   31 hours ago    209MB
registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/kelecc/kele   1.1       006a24864b5b   31 hours ago    209MB
mysql                                           5.7       a70d36bc331a   5 weeks ago     449MB
nginx                                           latest    f6d0b4767a6c   6 weeks ago     133MB
centos                                          latest    300e315adb2f   2 months ago    209MB
hello-world                                     1.1       bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB
hello-world                                     latest    bf756fb1ae65   14 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost grkj]# docker history a70d36bc331a
IMAGE          CREATED       CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
a70d36bc331a   5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["mysqld"]               0B        
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 3306 33060            0B        
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entry…   0B        
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entryp…   34B       
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:a209112a748b68e0…   13.1kB    
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  VOLUME [/var/lib/mysql]      0B        
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c {   echo mysql-community-server m…   313MB     
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c echo 'deb http://repo.mysql.com/a…   55B       
<missing>      5 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.33-…   0B        
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7          0B        
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c set -ex;  key='A4A9406876FCBD3C45…   2.61kB    
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install…   52.2MB    
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d    0B        
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c set -eux;  savedAptMark="$(apt-ma…   4.17MB    
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV GOSU_VERSION=1.12        0B        
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install…   9.34MB    
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -…   329kB     
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["bash"]                 0B        
<missing>      6 weeks ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:422aca8901ae3d869…   69.2MB    
[root@localhost grkj]# a70d36bc331a

构建TomCat镜像

1，准备镜像文件 tomcat 压缩包，jdk的压缩包！

在这里插入图片描述

2，编写 DockerFile 文件 官方命名 DockerFile

FROM centos
MAINTAINER kelecc<770149701@qq.com>

ADD jdk-8u161-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.63.tar.gz /usr/local

RUN yum -y install vim 

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_161
ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.63
ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.63
ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

EXPOSE 8080

CMD  /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.63/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.63/logs/catalina.out

3，构建镜像

[root@localhost grkj]docker build -t tomcat8.5:1.0 .

4, 启动镜像 ,挂载文件

-d      #后台运行
-p      #绑定端口
--name  #镜像名称
-v      #挂载数据卷

[root@localhost grkj]docker run -d -p 8080:8080 -v /home/grkj/tomcat8.5/webpps:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.63/webapps -v /home/grkj/tomcat8.5/logs:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.63/logs --name tomcat8.5 tomcat8.5

发布镜像到 Docker hub

1.地址：https://hub.docker.com/ 注册自己的账号！

2，在我们的服务器上提交自己的镜像

[root@localhost volumes]# docker login --help

Usage:  docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]

Log in to a Docker registry.
If no server is specified, the default is defined by the daemon.

Options:
  -p, --password string   Password
      --password-stdin    Take the password from stdin
  -u, --username string   Username
[root@localhost volumes]# docker login -u xxxx -p xxxx
WARNING! Using --password via the CLI is insecure. Use --password-stdin.
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded

[root@localhost volumes]# docker pull keleyo/kelecc/hello-world:1.1

发布镜像到阿里云容器镜像服务

创建命名空间

在这里插入图片描述

创建镜像仓库

在这里插入图片描述

帮助文档。push镜像所有步骤

点击仓库名称进入 帮助文档
在这里插入图片描述

在这里插入图片描述

可乐cc呀
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Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，是一种资源虚拟化技术，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的容器中，然后发布到任何流行的 Linux 机器上。虚拟化技术演历路径可分为三个时代：在没有 Docker 的时代，我们会使用硬件虚拟化（虚拟机）以提供隔离。这里，虚拟机通过在操作系统上建立了一个中间虚拟软件层 Hypervisor ，并利用物理机器的资源虚拟出多个虚拟硬件环境来共享宿主机的资源，其中的应用运行在虚拟机内核上。但是，虚拟机对硬件的利用率存在瓶颈，因为虚拟机很难根据当前业务量动态调整其
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