Time Limit: 2000MS | Memory Limit: 65536K | |
Total Submissions: 58474 | Accepted: 18173 |
Description
Farmer John has been informed of the location of a fugitive cow and wants to catch her immediately. He starts at a point N (0 ≤ N ≤ 100,000) on a number line and the cow is at a point K (0 ≤ K ≤ 100,000) on the same number line. Farmer John has two modes of transportation: walking and teleporting.
* Walking: FJ can move from any point X to the points X - 1 or X + 1 in a single minute
* Teleporting: FJ can move from any point X to the point 2 × X in a single minute.
If the cow, unaware of its pursuit, does not move at all, how long does it take for Farmer John to retrieve it?
Input
Output
Sample Input
5 17
Sample Output
4
Hint
Source
题目链接:http://poj.org/problem?id=3278
题目大意:数字n到k,每次只能通过三种变换中的一种,即+1,-1或*2,求最少变换次数。
解题思路:BFS,剪枝特别重要,需要visit数组标记,已变换过的数字不再加入队列,能极大程度地提高效率。数组开大概200000的范围,超过次范围的数字舍去。一开始以为会出现负数,但仔细想想,因为n和k都是非负整数,变换过程如果出现负数不会是最优解,因此标记时不必考虑下标为负的情况。
代码如下:
#include <cstdio>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=200010;
int m,n;
int vis1[maxn];
struct node
{
int x,step;
};
int bfs()
{
node sd;
sd.x=n;
sd.step=0;
queue<node>q;
q.push(sd);
while(!q.empty())
{
node nd=q.front();
if(nd.x==m)
return nd.step;
q.pop();
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)//枚举三种变换方法
{
if(i==0)
{
sd.x=nd.x-1;
sd.step=nd.step+1;
if(sd.x>=0&&!vis1[sd.x]) //该数字没有访问过,可加入队列
{
vis1[sd.x]=1;
q.push(sd);
}
}
else if(i==1)
{
sd.x=nd.x+1;
sd.step=nd.step+1;
if(sd.x>maxn) //超出最大范围的数字舍去
continue;
if(sd.x>=0&&!vis1[sd.x])
{
vis1[sd.x]=1;
q.push(sd);
}
}
else
{
sd.x=nd.x*2;
sd.step=nd.step+1;
if(sd.x>maxn)
continue;
if(sd.x>=0&&!vis1[sd.x])
{
vis1[sd.x]=1;
q.push(sd);
}
}
}
}
}
int main()
{
scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
printf("%d\n",bfs() );
return 0;
}