Spring——第二章 Spring与IoC（二）

2.2.7  Bean的生命周期

Spring 内的Bean对象从创建到销毁，可控点很多。

2.2.8 <bean>的id与name 属性

name对格式没有限制，id有

2.3 基于XML的DI

2.3.1 注入分类

设值注入：

       基本属性用 value

       对象对应的属性用 ref

	<bean id="mySchool" class="com.bjpowernode.di01.School">
		<property name="name" value="清华大学"/>
	</bean>	

      <bean id="myStudent" class="com.bjpowernode.di01.Student">
		<property name="name" value="张三"/>
		<property name="age" value="23"/>
		<property name="school" ref="mySchool"/>
	</bean>

构造注入：

       少用

	<bean id="myStudent" class="com.bjpowernode.di02.Student">
		<constructor-arg name="name" value="李四"/>
		<constructor-arg name="age" value="24"/>
		<constructor-arg name="school" ref="mySchool"/>
		<!--  
		<constructor-arg index="0" value="李四"/>
		<constructor-arg index="1" value="24"/>
		<constructor-arg index="2" ref="mySchool"/>
		-->
		<!--
		<constructor-arg value="李四"/>
		<constructor-arg value="24"/>
		<constructor-arg ref="mySchool"/>
		-->
	</bean>

2.3.3 集合属性注入

 properties 的键值对均为String类型，map自定义

①

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
	<bean id="mySchool" class="com.bjpowernode.di05.School">
		<property name="name" value="清华大学"/>
	</bean>

	<bean id="mySchool2" class="com.bjpowernode.di05.School">
		<property name="name" value="北京大学"/>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="mySome" class="com.bjpowernode.di05.Some">
		<property name="schools">
			<array>
				<ref bean="mySchool"/>
				<ref bean="mySchool2"/>
			</array>
		</property>
		<property name="myStr">
			<array>
				<value>中国</value>
				<value>北京</value>
			</array>
		</property>
		<property name="myList">
			<list>
				<value>海淀</value>
				<value>六道口</value>
			</list>
		</property>
		<property name="mySet">
			<set>
				<value>中国农业大学</value>
				<value>男生公寓</value>
			</set>
		</property>
		<property name="myMap">
			<map>
				<entry key="mobile" value="1234567"/>
				<entry key="QQ" value="7654321"/>
			</map>
		</property>
		<property name="myProperties">
			<props>
				<prop key="education">大学</prop>
				<prop key="gender">男</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
		
	</bean>
	
</beans>

②：对于set，array，list等集合类型的属性，数据注入时可采用简写的形式<property name="" value=", , ,">

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
	<bean id="mySchool" class="com.bjpowernode.di06.School">
		<property name="name" value="清华大学"/>
	</bean>

	<bean id="mySchool2" class="com.bjpowernode.di06.School">
		<property name="name" value="北京大学"/>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="mySome" class="com.bjpowernode.di06.Some">
		<property name="schools">
			<array>
				<ref bean="mySchool"/>
				<ref bean="mySchool2"/>
			</array>
		</property>
		
		<property name="myStr" value="中国,北京"/>

		<property name="myList" value="海淀,六道口"/>

		<property name="mySet" value="中国农业大学,男生公寓">

		</property>
		<property name="myMap">
			<map>
				<entry key="mobile" value="1234567"/>
				<entry key="QQ" value="7654321"/>
			</map>
		</property>
		<property name="myProperties">
			<props>
				<prop key="education">大学</prop>
				<prop key="gender">男</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
		
	</bean>
	
</beans>

2.3.4 对于域属性的自动化注入

①：autowire="byName" 会从容器中查找与实体类的域属性同名的Bean的id，并将该Bean对象自动注入给该实体类的域属性。

package com.bjpowernode.di07;

public class Student {
	private String name;
	private int age;
	private  School school;
......

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
	<bean id="school" class="com.bjpowernode.di07.School">
		<property name="name" value="清华大学"/>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 注册Student
		autowire="byName" 会从容器中查找与实体类的域属性同名的Bean的id，
		并将该Bean对象自动注入给该实体类的域属性。	
	 -->
	<bean id="myStudent" class="com.bjpowernode.di07.Student" autowire="byName"> 
		<property name="name" value="张三"/>
		<property name="age" value="23"/>
	</bean>
	
</beans>

 ②：autowire="byType" 会从容器中将与实体类中域属性类型具有is-a关系的bean找到，并将该bean自动注入到域属性。

（因为可向上转型）

 同一个类的两个对象和具有is-a关系的多个类的多个对象均不可。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
	<bean id="mySchool" class="com.bjpowernode.di08.School">
		<property name="name" value="清华大学"/>
	</bean>
    <!--
	<bean id="mySchool2" class="com.bjpowernode.di08.PrimarySchool">
		<property name="address" value="海淀区"/>
	</bean>
    -->
	<!-- 注册Student
		autowire="byType" 会从容器中查找与实体类的域属性类型具有is-a关系的Bean，
		并将该Bean对象自动注入给该实体类的域属性。	
	 -->
	<bean id="myStudent" class="com.bjpowernode.di08.Student" autowire="byType"> 
		<property name="name" value="张三"/>
		<property name="age" value="23"/>
	</bean>
	
</beans>

2.3.5 SPEL注入

可以使用静态方法，

可以访问其他Bean的属性

直接计算表达式

调用其他Bean的方法

package com.bjpowernode.di08;

public class Person {
	private String pname;
	private int page;
	public void setPname(String pname) {
		this.pname = pname;
	}
	public void setPage(int page) {
		this.page = page;
	}
	
	public String getPname() {
		return pname;
	}
	public int getPage() {
		return page;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [pname=" + pname + ", page=" + page + "]";
	}
	public int computeAge(){
		return page>25?25:page;
	}
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
        
	<bean id="myPerson" class="com.bjpowernode.di08.Person">
		<property name="pname" value="李四"/>
		<property name="page" value="#{T(java.lang.Math).random()*50}"/>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="myStudent" class="com.bjpowernode.di08.Student"> 
		<property name="name" value="#{myPerson.pname}"/>
		<property name="age" value="#{myPerson.computeAge()}"/>
	</bean>
	
</beans>