SpringCloud（七）

Hystrix

什么是Hystrix
Hystrix是一个用于处理分布式系统延迟和容错的开源库，在分布式系统中，许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败，比如超时，异常等，Hystrix能保证在一个依赖出现问题的情况下，不会导致整体服务失败，避免级联故障，以提高分布式系统的弹性
Hystrix能干嘛

• 服务降级
• 服务熔断
• 服务限流
• 接近实时的监控

一、服务熔断

1.服务熔断是什么？
熔断机制是对应雪崩效应的一种微服务链路保护机制
当某个服务不可用或响应的时间太长会进行服务的降级，进而熔断该节点微服务的调用，快速返回错误的响应信息@HystrixCommand
2.代码实例（复制springcloud-provider-dept-8001模块）
1）新建一个子项目springcloud-provider-dept-hystrix-8001导入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.giao</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloud-provider-dept-hystrix-8001</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    <!--        加入eureka依赖-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--    actuator完善监控信息    -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!--    我们需要拿到实体类配置api model-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.giao</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--        junit-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--        test-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--        jetty-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!--        热部署工具-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

</project>

2）配置文件

server:
  port: 8001
  #mybatis配置
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.giao.springcloud.pojo
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
  mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
  #spring配置
spring:
  application:
    name: springcloud-provider-dept
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource #数据源
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db01?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
    username: root
    password: gn941030

#Eureka的配置，服务注册到哪里
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka/,http://localhost:7002/eureka/,http://localhost:7003/eureka/
    instance:
      instance-id: springcloud-privider-dept-hystrix-8001 #修改eureka上的默认描述信息

#info配置
info:
  app.name: giao-springcloud
  company.name: giao

3）启动类

package com.giao.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient//在服务启动后自动注册到eureka中
@EnableDiscoveryClient//服务发现
@EnableCircuitBreaker//添加对熔断的支持
public class DeptProviderHystrix_8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(DeptProviderHystrix_8001.class,args);
    }
}

4）复制springcloud-provider-dept-8001的rsources下mybatis文件夹
5）复制springcloud-provider-dept-8001的service包。dao包
6）controller

package com.giao.springcloud.controller;

import com.giao.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import com.giao.springcloud.service.DeptService;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

//提供restful服务
@RestController
public class DeptController {
    @Autowired
    private DeptService service;

    @GetMapping("/dept/get/{id}")
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "hystrixGet")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        Dept dept = service.queryById(id);
        if (dept == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("id" + id + "不存在");
        }
        return dept;
    }

    //备选方案
    public Dept hystrixGet(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {

        return new Dept().setDeptno(id).setDname("id" + id + "不存在,null").setDb_source("no this datebase in mysql");
    }
}

二、服务降级

代码实例
1.springcloud-consumer-dept-feign项目的配置文件增加feign

server:
  port: 80

#开启降级feign.hystrix
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

#Eureka配置
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false #不像Eureka中注册自己
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka/,http://localhost:7002/eureka/，http://localhost:7003/eureka/

2.springcloud-api -service包新增

package com.giao.springcloud.service;

import com.giao.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import feign.hystrix.FallbackFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.List;
//降级
@Component
public class DeptClientServiceFailbackFactory implements FallbackFactory {
    public DeptClientService create(Throwable throwable) {
        return new DeptClientService() {
            public Dept queryById(Long id) {
                return new Dept()
                        .setDeptno(id)
                        .setDname("id->"+id+"没有对应信息，客户端提供降级信息，这个服务被关闭")
                        .setDb_source("没有数据");
            }

            public List<Dept> queryAll() {
                return null;
            }

            public Boolean addDept(Dept dept) {
                return null;
            }
        };
    }
}

3.DeptClientService增加注解

package com.giao.springcloud.service;

import com.giao.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;

import java.util.List;

@Component
@FeignClient(value="SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-DEPT",fallbackFactory = DeptClientServiceFailbackFactory.class)
public interface DeptClientService {
    @GetMapping("/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
    @GetMapping("/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> queryAll();
    @PostMapping("/dept/add")
    public Boolean addDept(Dept dept);
}

服务熔断：服务端～ 某个服务超时或异常，引起熔断 类似于保险丝
服务降级：客户端～ 从整体网站请求负载考虑 当某个服务熔断或关闭之后，服务将不再被调用 ，此时客户端，我们可以准备一个FallbackFactory，返回一个默认的值（缺省值），整体服务水平下降，但好歹能用，比直接挂掉强

三、Dashboard流监控

代码示例
1.新建springcloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard。导入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.giao</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>springcloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
<!--        Hystrix-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--        Ribbon-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--        eureka-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.giao</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


</project>

2.编写配置文件

server:
  port: 9001

3.启动类

package com.giao.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableHystrixDashboard//开启监控
public class DeptConsumerDashboard_9001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumerDashboard_9001.class, args);
    }
}

4.监控springcloud-provider-dept-8001，在此项目中增加依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

5.springcloud-provider-dept-8001启动类增加一个bean，固定代码

package com.giao.springcloud;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.metrics.eventstream.HystrixMetricsStreamServlet;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient//在服务启动后自动注册到eureka中
@EnableDiscoveryClient//服务发现
public class DeptProvider_8001 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider_8001.class,args);
    }
    //增加一个servlet
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean hystrixMetricsStreamServlet(){
        ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet());
        registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/actuator/hystrix.stream");
        return registrationBean;
    }
}