建造者模式
概述
- 将一个复杂对象的构建与他的表示分离,使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示
- 建造者模式与抽象工厂模式相似,也用来创建复杂对象,主要区别是建造者模式着重一步步构建复杂对象,而抽象工厂模式着重于多个系列的对象
角色
- 抽象建造者(Builder)
- 具体建造者(Concrete Builder)
- 指挥者(Director)
- 产品(Product)
例子
"""生产一个游戏玩家,游戏玩家由脸、身体、腿、胳膊组成,组装时有顺序要求"""
from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
class Player:
def __init__(self, face=None, body=None, arm=None, leg=None):
self.face = face
self.body = body
self.arm = arm
self.leg = leg
def __str__(self):
return f"{self.face}, {self.body}, {self.arm}, { self.leg}"
class PlayerBuilder(metaclass=ABCMeta):
@abstractmethod
def build_face(self):
pass
@abstractmethod
def build_body(self):
pass
@abstractmethod
def build_arm(self):
pass
@abstractmethod
def build_leg(self):
pass
class SexGirlBuilder(PlayerBuilder):
def __init__(self):
self.player = Player()
def build_face(self):
self.player.face = "SexGirl face"
def build_body(self):
self.player.body = "SexGirl body"
def build_arm(self):
self.player.arm = "SexGirl arm"
def build_leg(self):
self.player.leg = "SexGirl leg"
class MonsterBuilder(PlayerBuilder):
def __init__(self):
self.player = Player()
def build_face(self):
self.player.face = "Monster face"
def build_body(self):
self.player.body = "Monster body"
def build_arm(self):
self.player.arm = "Monster arm"
def build_leg(self):
self.player.leg = "Monster leg"
class PlayerDirector:
def build_player(self, builder):
builder.build_body()
builder.build_face()
builder.build_arm()
builder.build_leg()
return builder.player
builder = SexGirlBuilder()
director = PlayerDirector()
p = director.build_player(builder)
print(p)
优点
- 隐藏了一个产品的内部结构和装配过程
- 将构造代码与表示代码分开
- 可以对构建过程进行更精细控制