C++虚析构函数作用

当基类指针指向派生类对象时，如果基类的析构函数不是虚函数，那么在删除该指针时只会调用基类的析构函数，而不会调用派生类的析构函数。这会导致派生类对象的资源无法正确释放，从而引发内存泄漏和未定义行为。

class Base 
{
public:
    ~Base() { cout << "Base destructor" << endl; }
};

class Derived : public Base 
{
public:
    ~Derived() { cout << "Derived destructor" << endl; }
};

int main() 
{
    Base* ptr = new Derived();
    delete ptr; // 只会调用Base的析构函数，而不会调用Derived的析构函数
    return 0;
}

为了避免这种情况，可以将基类的析构函数声明为虚函数：

class Base {
public:
    virtual ~Base() { cout << "Base destructor" << endl; }
};

class Derived : public Base {
public:
    ~Derived() { cout << "Derived destructor" << endl; }
};

int main() {
    Base* ptr = new Derived();
    delete ptr; // 会先调用Derived的析构函数，再调用Base的析构函数
    return 0;
}