String--引用计数写时拷贝

写时拷贝

class String
{
public:
    String(char* str = "")
    {
        _str = new char[strlen(str) + 1];
        _refCountPtr = new int(1);
        strcpy(_str, str);  
    }
    ~String()
    {
        if (--*_refCountPtr = 0)
        {
            delete[] _str;
            delete _refCountPtr;
        }
    }
    String(String& s)
        :_str(s._str)
        , _refCountPtr(s._refCountPtr)
    {
        (*_refCountPtr)++;
    }
    String& operator = (const String& s)
    {
        if (_str != s._str)
        {
            if (--(*_refCountPtr) == 0)
            {

                delete[] _str;
                delete _refCountPtr;
            }

            _str = s._str;
            _refCountPtr = s._refCountPtr;
            (*_refCountPtr)++;
        }
        return *this;
    }
    void CopyOnWrite(char ch)
    {
        if (*_refCountPtr > 1)
        {
            char* newStr = new char[_capacity + 1];
            strcpy(newStr, _str);
            (*_refCountPtr)--;
            _str = newStr;
            _refCountPtr = new int(1);
        }
    }
    void PushBack(char ch)
    {
        CopyOnWrite(ch);
        if (_size == _capacity)
        {
            Expand(2 * _capacity);
        }
        _str[_size++] = ch;
        _str[_size] = '\0';
    }
    void Expand(size_t n)
    {
        if (n > _capacity)
        {
            _str =(char*) realloc(_str, n + 1);
            assert(_str);
            _capacity = n;
        }
    }
    char& operator[](size_t pos)
    {
        CopyOnWrite(pos);
        return _str[pos];
    }
    char operator[](size_t pos)const
    {
        return _str[pos];
    }
private:
    char* _str;
    size_t _size;
    size_t _capacity;
    int* _refCountPtr;
};