MySQL数据库在Centos7下的安装方法

MYSQL作为关系型数据库管理系统，是当今最流行的关系型数据库管理系统之一；MySQL所使用的 SQL 语言是用于访问数据库的最常用标准化语言。MySQL 软件采用了双授权政策，分为社区版和商业版，由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，尤其是开放源码这一特点，一般中小型网站的开发都选择 MySQL 作为网站数据库。

关于MySQL在Centos7操作系统下的安装方法：

需要注意：以下的操作必须切换到root用户下进行操作！！！
需要注意：以下的操作必须切换到root用户下进行操作！！！
需要注意：以下的操作必须切换到root用户下进行操作！！！

1.安装：

安装 mariadb 服务；

# yum install -y mariadb-server

安装 mariadb 命令行客户端；

# yum install -y mariadb

安装 mariadb C library；

# yum install -y mariadb-libs

安装 mariadb 开发包；

# yum install -y mariadb-devel

2.更改配置：
（1）更改 /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf 文件：

[client] 下加一行配置 default-character-set=utf8

最后的结果：

#
# These two groups are read by the client library
# Use it for options that affect all clients, but not the server
#


[client]
default-character-set = utf8 

# This group is not read by mysql client library,
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# use it for MariaDB-only client options
[client-mariadb]

（2）更改 /etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf 文件；

[mysql] 下加一行配置 default-character-set=utf8

最后的结果：

#
# These groups are read by MariaDB command-line tools
# Use it for options that affect only one utility
#

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

[mysql_upgrade]

[mysqladmin]

[mysqlbinlog]

[mysqlcheck]

[mysqldump]

[mysqlimport]

[mysqlshow]

[mysqlslap]

（3）更改 /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf 配置；

[mysqld] 下加配置

collation-server = utf8_general_ci

init-connect='SET NAMES utf8'

character-set-server = utf8

sql-mode = TRADITIONAL

最终的结果：

#
# These groups are read by MariaDB server.
# Use it for options that only the server (but not clients) should see
#
# See the examples of server my.cnf files in /usr/share/mysql/
#

# this is read by the standalone daemon and embedded servers
[server]

# this is only for the mysqld standalone daemon
[mysqld]
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server = utf8

sql-mode = TRADITIONAL

# this is only for embedded server
[embedded]

# This group is only read by MariaDB-5.5 servers.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MariaDB of different versions,
# use this group for options that older servers don't understand
[mysqld-5.5]

# These two groups are only read by MariaDB servers, not by MySQL.
# If you use the same .cnf file for MySQL and MariaDB,
# you can put MariaDB-only options here
[mariadb]

[mariadb-5.5]

3.启动：

（1）启动服务：

# systemctl start mariadb

（2）设置服务开启自启动：

# systemctl enable mariadb

（3）查看服务状态：

# systemctl status mariadb

可能的输出为，注意到 Active 状态为 active (running)：

● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-07-01 17:37:31 CST; 1min 55s ago
  Process: 1052 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 940 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 1051 (mysqld_safe)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
           ├─1051 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
           └─1533 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mariadb...

Jul 01 17:37:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MariaDB database server...
Jul 01 17:37:26 localhost.localdomain mariadb-prepare-db-dir[940]: Database MariaDB is probably initialized in /var/lib/mysql already, not...done.
Jul 01 17:37:28 localhost.localdomain mysqld_safe[1051]: 190701 17:37:28 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log'.
Jul 01 17:37:29 localhost.localdomain mysqld_safe[1051]: 190701 17:37:29 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
Jul 01 17:37:31 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

4.测试连接：

（1）使用命令行客户端进行尝试：

# mysql -u root -p

输出结果为：

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]>

（2）查看mariadb 版本号：

MariaDB [(none)]> select version();
+----------------+
| version()      |
+----------------+
| 5.5.60-MariaDB |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

（3）查看字符集配置：

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5.设置密码：
我们执行以下操作：

# mysql_secure_installation

选择 Y/N 的时候都选 Y;

此时在

New password:

Re-enter new password:

时设置你自己的 root 密码；

然后使用客户端进行登录连接：

mysql -u root -p

此时变成了带密码的数据库；

输入设置的密码得到以下结果：

接下来就可以进行正常操作了…