二级指针的应用

动态分配二维数组

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
    int rows = 3, cols = 4;
    int **arr;

    // 分配行指针数组
    arr = (int **)malloc(rows * sizeof(int *));
    if (arr == NULL) {
        printf("内存分配失败\n");
        return 1;
    }

    // 为每一行分配列指针数组
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        arr[i] = (int *)malloc(cols * sizeof(int));
        if (arr[i] == NULL) {
            printf("内存分配失败\n");
            return 1;
        }
    }

    // 初始化二维数组
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
            arr[i][j] = i * cols + j;
        }
    }

    // 打印二维数组
    printf("二维数组内容:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
            printf("%d ", arr[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }

    // 释放内存
    for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
        free(arr[i]);
    }
    free(arr);

    return 0;
}

指针数组

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    const char *messages[] = {
        "Hello, World!",
        "Welcome to Embedded Systems",
        "Pointer Arrays in C"
    };
    int n = sizeof(messages) / sizeof(messages[0]);

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        printf("%s\n", messages[i]);
    }

    return 0;
}

函数指针数组

#include <stdio.h>

void func1() { printf("Function 1\n"); }
void func2() { printf("Function 2\n"); }
void func3() { printf("Function 3\n"); }

int main() {
    void (*func_arr[])() = {func1, func2, func3};
    int n = sizeof(func_arr) / sizeof(func_arr[0]);

    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        func_arr[i]();
    }

    return 0;
}

操作复杂数据结构

二级指针常用于处理复杂数据结构，如多级链表或树结构

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

typedef struct Node {
    int data;
    struct Node* next;
    struct Node** children;
    int child_count;
} Node;

// 创建新节点
Node* createNode(int data) {
    Node* newNode = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
    newNode->data = data;
    newNode->next = NULL;
    newNode->children = NULL;
    newNode->child_count = 0;
    return newNode;
}

// 添加子节点
void addChild(Node* parent, Node* child) {
    parent->children = (Node**)realloc(parent->children, (parent->child_count + 1) * sizeof(Node*));
    parent->children[parent->child_count] = child;
    parent->child_count++;
}

// 打印节点及其子节点
void printNode(Node* node) {
    printf("Node data: %d\n", node->data);
    printf("Children: ");
    for (int i = 0; i < node->child_count; i++) {
        printf("%d ", node->children[i]->data);
    }
    printf("\n");
}

int main() {
    Node* root = createNode(1);
    Node* child1 = createNode(2);
    Node* child2 = createNode(3);

    addChild(root, child1);
    addChild(root, child2);

    printNode(root);

    free(root->children);
    free(root);
    free(child1);
    free(child2);

    return 0;
}

动态管理指针数组

二级指针可以动态管理一维指针数组，如在插入、删除元素时调整数组大小。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// 添加新元素到指针数组
void addElement(int ***arr, int *size, int *newElement) {
    *arr = (int **)realloc(*arr, (*size + 1) * sizeof(int *));
    (*arr)[*size] = newElement;
    (*size)++;
}

// 删除指针数组中的元素
void removeElement(int ***arr, int *size, int index) {
    if (index < 0 || index >= *size) return;

    for (int i = index; i < *size - 1; i++) {
        (*arr)[i] = (*arr)[i + 1];
    }
    *arr = (int **)realloc(*arr, (*size - 1) * sizeof(int *));
    (*size)--;
}

int main() {
    int **arr = NULL;
    int size = 0;

    int a = 10, b = 20, c = 30;

    addElement(&arr, &size, &a);
    addElement(&arr, &size, &b);
    addElement(&arr, &size, &c);

    printf("数组内容: ");
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        printf("%d ", *arr[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");

    removeElement(&arr, &size, 1); // 删除第二个元素

    printf("删除后的数组内容: ");
    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        printf("%d ", *arr[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");

    free(arr);

    return 0;
}