2.3波形的频谱分析
s
~
(
t
)
{\tilde{s}}(t)
s~(t)的傅里叶变换是:
S ~ ( f ) = ∫ − ∞ ∞ s ~ ( t ) e − j 2 π f t d t = 1 2 μ ∑ k = 1 N { [ F c ( k , f ) s i n ( ϕ ( k , f ) ) − F s ( k , f ) c o s ( ϕ ( k , f ) ) ] + j [ F c ( k , f ) c o s ( ϕ ( k , f ) ) − F s ( k , f ) s i n ( ϕ ( k , f ) ) ] } ( 6 ) = ∑ k = 1 N 1 2 μ e − j ( ϕ ( k , f ) + π 2 ) ( F c ( k , f ) + j F s ( k , f ) ) ( 7 ) {\tilde{S}}(f)={\int}_{-\infty}^{\infty}{\tilde{s}}(t)e^{-j2{\pi}ft}{\mathrm{d}}t\\={\frac{1}{\sqrt{2{\mu}}}}{\sum}_{k=1}^{N}{\{[F_c(k,f)sin({\phi}(k,f))-F_s(k,f)cos({\phi}(k,f))]\\+j[F_c(k,f)cos({\phi}(k,f))-F_s(k,f)sin({\phi}(k,f))]\}}{\qquad}(6)\\={\sum}_{k=1}^{N}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2{\mu}}}}e^{-j\Bigg({\phi}(k,f)+{\frac{\pi}{2}}\Bigg)}(F_c(k,f)+jF_s(k,f)){\qquad}(7)\\ S~(f)=∫−∞∞s~(t)e−j2πftdt=2μ1∑k=1N{[Fc(k,f)sin(ϕ(k,f))−Fs(k,f)cos(ϕ(k,f))]+j[Fc(k,f)cos(ϕ(k,f))−Fs(k,f)sin(ϕ(k,f))]}(6)=∑k=1N2μ1e−j(ϕ(k,f)+2π)(Fc(k,f)+jFs(k,f))(7)
其中,
ϕ
(
k
,
f
)
=
π
p
k
2
+
π
μ
(
p
k
q
k
2
T
−
2
f
)
2
(
8
)
F
c
(
k
,
f
)
=
C
(
2
μ
(
p
k
q
k
2
T
−
2
f
+
μ
k
T
)
)
−
C
(
2
μ
(
p
k
q
k
2
T
−
2
f
+
μ
(
k
−
1
)
T
)
)
(
9
)
F
s
(
k
,
f
)
=
S
(
2
μ
(
p
k
q
k
2
T
−
2
f
+
μ
k
T
)
)
−
S
(
2
μ
(
p
k
q
k
2
T
−
2
f
+
μ
(
k
−
1
)
T
)
)
(
10
)
{\phi}(k,f)={\frac{{\pi}p_k}{2}}+{\frac{\pi}{\mu}}({\frac{p_kq_k}{2T}}-2f)^2{\qquad}(8)\\ F_c(k,f)=C\Bigg(\sqrt{\frac{2}{\mu}}({\frac{p_kq_k}{2T}}-2f+{\mu}kT)\Bigg)- C\Bigg(\sqrt{\frac{2}{\mu}}({\frac{p_kq_k}{2T}}-2f+{\mu}(k-1)T)\Bigg){\qquad}(9)\\ F_s(k,f)=S\Bigg(\sqrt{\frac{2}{\mu}}({\frac{p_kq_k}{2T}}-2f+{\mu}kT)\Bigg)- S\Bigg(\sqrt{\frac{2}{\mu}}({\frac{p_kq_k}{2T}}-2f+{\mu}(k-1)T)\Bigg){\qquad}(10)\\
ϕ(k,f)=2πpk+μπ(2Tpkqk−2f)2(8)Fc(k,f)=C(μ2(2Tpkqk−2f+μkT))−C(μ2(2Tpkqk−2f+μ(k−1)T))(9)Fs(k,f)=S(μ2(2Tpkqk−2f+μkT))−S(μ2(2Tpkqk−2f+μ(k−1)T))(10)
有关文献10和11,能够观察到信号(7)的频谱是由
N
N
N个子线性调频信号的频谱相复合。对于第
k
k
k个线性调频信号,设
f
’
=
2
(
p
k
q
k
4
T
−
f
)
f^’=2({\frac{p_kq_k}{4T}}-f)
f’=2(4Tpkqk−f),则
z
1
=
T
2
B
(
f
’
+
(
k
−
1
)
B
)
,
z
2
=
T
2
B
(
f
’
+
k
B
)
z_1={\sqrt{\frac{T}{2B}}}(f^’+(k-1)B),z_2={\sqrt{\frac{T}{2B}}}(f^’+kB)
z1=2BT(f’+(k−1)B),z2=2BT(f’+kB)。显然,中心频谱的幅度变化范围为
p
k
q
k
4
T
∈
{
±
1
4
T
}
{\frac{p_kq_k}{4T}}{\in}{\{{\pm}{\frac{1}{4T}}\}}
4Tpkqk∈{±4T1}。当
p
k
q
k
p_kq_k
pkqk和
p
k
−
1
q
k
−
1
p_{k-1}q_{k-1}
pk−1qk−1的值不同时,邻近的频谱可能会发生重叠或者间断。每一个子线性调频信号的带宽为
B
=
μ
T
B={\mu}T
B=μT,但是总的频带宽度
N
B
NB
NB确实一直不变的。图三呈现了,有着相同系数的线性调频信号和总的脉冲宽度,但N却不同的频谱图。
一些数学公式的代码:
{\tilde{S}}(f)={\int}_{-\infty}^{\infty}{\tilde{s}}(t)e^{-j2{\pi}ft}{\mathrm{d}}t\\
={\frac{1}{\sqrt{2{\mu}}}}{\sum}_{k=1}^{N}{\{[F_c(k,f)sin({\phi}(k,f))-F_s(k,f)cos({\phi}(k,f))]\\
+j[F_c(k,f)cos({\phi}(k,f))-F_s(k,f)sin({\phi}(k,f))]\}}{\qquad}(6)\\=
{\sum}_{k=1}^{N}{\frac{1}{\sqrt{2{\mu}}}}e^{-j\Bigg({\phi}(k,f)
+{\frac{\pi}{2}}\Bigg)}(F_c(k,f)+jF_s(k,f)){\qquad}(7)\\
{\phi}(k,f)={\frac{{\pi}p_k}{2}}+{\frac{\pi}{\mu}}({\frac{p_kq_k}{2T}}-2f)^2{\qquad}(8)\\
F_c(k,f)=C\Bigg(\sqrt{\frac{2}{\mu}}({\frac{p_kq_k}{2T}}-2f+{\mu}kT)\Bigg)-
C\Bigg(\sqrt{\frac{2}{\mu}}({\frac{p_kq_k}{2T}}-2f+{\mu}(k-1)T)\Bigg){\qquad}(9)\\
F_s(k,f)=S\Bigg(\sqrt{\frac{2}{\mu}}({\frac{p_kq_k}{2T}}-2f+{\mu}kT)\Bigg)-
S\Bigg(\sqrt{\frac{2}{\mu}}({\frac{p_kq_k}{2T}}-2f+{\mu}(k-1)T)\Bigg){\qquad}(10)\\