一·
1.概念;
vector可以看作数组,数组有int,double等等类型。在创建vector对象时要指明类型。
2.创建:
vector<int> v1(5, 2);
//这里是创建一个int型的vector,里面有五个元素,每个赋值为2。
vector<double> v2;
//对象数组
vector<string> v;
string s1("苹果");//有名对象
v.push_back(s1);
v.push_back(string("香蕉"));//匿名对象
v.push_back("草莓");//隐式类型转换
vector<vector<int>> vv;
//相当于二维数组
3.遍历:
(1)
for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)
{
cout << v[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
(2)
vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin();
while (it != v.end())
{
cout << *it << " ";
++it;
}
cout << endl;
(3)
for (auto e : v)
{
cout << e << " ";
}
cout << endl;
4.查看扩容机制
size_t sz;
vector<int> v;
v.reserve(100);//提前开辟了空间
sz = v.capacity();
cout << "making v grow:\n";
for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
{
v.push_back(i);
if (sz != v.capacity())
{
sz = v.capacity();
cout << "capacity changed: " << sz << '\n';
}
}
reserve和resize不会使v.capacity()缩小,reserve会使capacity扩大,而resize用法与string类似(这里不做过多解释,看上面的string那一篇)。
5.find
(找到3所在位置,在前面插入30)
//vector<int>::iterator pos = find(v.begin(), v.end(), 3);
auto pos = find(v.begin(), v.end(), 3);
if (pos != v.end())
{
v.insert(pos, 30);
}
6.insert
(1)实现头插
vector<int> v1;
v1.insert(v.begin(),0);
(2)任意位置之前插入
v.insert(v.begin()+2, 0);
(3)插入string(会转换成ascii)
string s("abcd");
v.insert(v.begin(), s.begin(), s.end());